Suchergebnisse

Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editor -- Abbreviations -- Part I: Humanitarian and Social Perspectives on Suffering Alleviation -- Chapter 1: A Worldview of the Alleviation of Suffering -- Introduction -- The Definition and Concept of Suffering -- Basic Principles of Alleviating Suffering -- Useful Frames for Thinking About Suffering-Alleviation -- Suffering-Alleviation as Moral and Social Responsibility -- Suffering-Alleviation as Unnecessary If Not Harmful -- Suffering-Alleviation as Human Purpose and Meaning -- Suffering-Alleviation as Key to Community and Civil Society -- Suffering-Alleviation as Improving Quality of Life -- Suffering-Prevention as a Perspective on the Future -- Global Social Sectors of Suffering-Alleviation -- The Humanitarian Sector -- The Social Policy Sector -- The Caregiving Sector -- The Spiritual Sector -- Philosophical Issues in Prioritizing Suffering-Alleviation -- Approaches to Alleviating Extreme Suffering -- Global Trends in Suffering and Suffering-Alleviation -- Nations with Dramatic Declines in Suffering -- Overview of the Chapters -- Part I. Humanitarian and Social Perspectives on Suffering-Alleviation -- Part II. Quality of Life (QOL), Caring and Suffering-Alleviation -- Part III. Improving Global Development, Healthcare and Poverty Reduction -- Part IV. Violent Societal Conflict, Human Rights and Justice -- Part V. Preventing Future Suffering -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Systemic Humiliation as Daily Social Suffering -- Introduction -- Humiliation as Physical, Social, and Moral Suffering -- Systemic Humiliation -- Discriminatory State Directives -- Ideologies of Rank-Ordering -- Essentializing Language -- Stereotypical Images -- Destructive Cultural Symbols -- Alleviating the Impact of Systemic Humiliation -- Political Perspective -- Social Perspective

This is the first book tackling the topic of world suffering. It compiles in one place the ideas, perspectives, and findings of researchers from around the world who pioneered research-based understanding of human suffering. Some chapters use the paradigm of 'quality of life' to explore ways to enhance knowledge on suffering. Other chapters show how concepts and knowledge from suffering research can benefit studies on quality of life. By bringing together in one volume, ideas and research experience from the best minds and leading researchers in the fields of pain, suffering, poverty, deprivation, disability and quality of life (including well-being and happiness), this volume advances social science solutions to a number of major threads of research, most notably suffering. As a whole, the volume advances the fields of suffering and deprivation by suggesting a working typology of suffering and by pointing out the major paradigms for relief of suffering, such as humanitarianism, human rights, caring, and healing. This volume provides a wealth of insights about the interaction between suffering and quality of life, the most up-to-date characterization of worldwide suffering, and a grasp of the implications of these data for local and global policy on health and social well-being.

This brief on human suffering adds to understanding of suffering by contextualizing both stories and statistics on pain and suffering, while showing that suffering adds a useful perspective to contemporary thought and research on quality of life, social well-being, and measures of societal progress. The scholarship on suffering is made more comprehensible in the book by using nine different conceptual frames that have been used for making sense of suffering. The primary focus of this work is with the last frame, the quality of life frame. Overall, these chapters show for the first time how the research on quality of life and well-being can be enhanced by embracing human suffering

Cartoons are used as indicators of the social meanings, especially personality traits and emotional states, typically assigned to men and women. Single-frame cartoons relevant to sex roles were randomly sampled at five-year intervals, beginning in 1952, from Saturday Evening Post, Saturday Review, and Playboy. Statistical trend analysis on 430 cartoon people in 195 cartoons reveals more trait stereotyping for females than for males. Five dominant, general stereotypes were found: the seductive female, the sexually assertive male, the disconsolate man, the incompetent woman, and the angry woman. There has been a decline in the occurrence of the angry woman stereotype and reciprocal sex role conflict in humorus drawings over the past two decades.

The use of graphical humor as an indicator of social and psychological attitudes is reviewed. A novel method for assessing attitudes using cartoons as projective devices is introduced. Analysis of responses from 275 students who were given both discursive, sentence items and graphical humor, projective items, demonstrates the potential of cartoons as stimuli for attitude measurement. The results suggest that graphical humor might be developed successfully in constructing alternative methods for measuring attitudinal ambivalence. Greater attention should be given to the ambivalence dimensions of social attitudes because ambivalence is a common and expected outcome of the inconsistencies and contradictions inherent in social life.