Suchergebnisse

The capacity for innovation is a key component required for companies to generate added value and to expand into new markets. In this regard, it is important to find factors that improve the capacity for innovation. One such credible factor is psychological capital. This article aims to examine the influence of psychological capital on innovation capacity. An empirical study, based on data collected from 520 employees of banking institutions in Peru, was carried out to this end. Our results revealed the positive and significant influence of psychological capital on innovation capacity. Based on dimensions of psychological capital, it was found that self-efficacy and optimism positively influenced the capacity for radical innovation. Likewise, optimism and hope were found to positively influence the capacity for incremental innovation, but resilience had no positive influence on either radical innovation or incremental innovation. This work provides business leaders with a deeper understanding of psychological factors that are deemed necessary to promote and improve innovation capacity in companies.

Purpose
This phenomenological study aims to analyze the factors perceived by women to be important to their nomination and selection for board positions in Peruvian public companies. The importance of this study lies in understanding the qualities that are important for women to possess, as perceived by those women who have reached leadership positions, achieving empowerment and economic autonomy.


Design/methodology/approach
The study population consisted of 33 women who became company directors in 2019, according to the data of the Lima Stock Exchange. From this group, the authors conducted 12 in-depth interviews with those women who accepted to participate in this study. The information was analyzed based on the stages suggested by Moustakas (1994).


Findings
This study proposes a conceptual framework with 13 factors perceived by women during their nomination and selection for board positions in Latin American public companies, focusing on the case of Peru. The factors are training and learning, professional experience, self-awareness, attitude, resilience, networking, communication skills, empathy, "hard work," capacity to make important decisions, soft skills, support networks and allies and passion for their work.


Originality/value
Based on the experiences of the participants, this study identified 13 critical factors for women to achieve leadership positions as board members. From a phenomenological approach, the relevance of said factors is that they have emerged from the point of view of women who live in a patriarchal and collectivistic culture with a high gender gap index.

In recent years, volunteer tourism has flourished as an alternative to traditional tourism aimed at fostering reciprocity between participants and the host community. Although this led to an increasing interest among scholars, little attention has been given on identifying the current state of knowledge on volunteer tourism. This systematic literature review is designed to evaluate the academic literature on volunteer tourism in terms of the research methodology, population, geographical location, theoretical framework, and research topics. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, this paper covers 184 articles published in Web of Science database from January 2010 to December 2021. Findings reveal that most of the research on volunteer tourism have been conducted from a qualitative approach taking volunteer tourists as study sample. Results show that previous literature on volunteer tourism have been focused on the following perspectives: studies focused on the experience of key stakeholders, studies aimed at understanding the volunteer tourism industry, studies on volunteer tourism as it relates to sustainable development, and studies focused on volunteer tourism and global citizenship. The analysis of current state of knowledge about volunteer tourism also suggests several directions for further research in this domain.