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Describes the responses of international observers to the 1994 Zapatista rebellion in southern Mexico. Some of these observers, including the author, have described the rebellion as an indigenous movement by Mayan groups, grounded in colonial & postcolonial history & Mayan tradition, & representing the rebirth of the "Mesoamerican soul." Others, however, regard the uprising as one of a number of postmodern political movements that seek a new social & economic order beyond either capitalism or socialism. The author presents a critique of the work of several of these authorities, including Roger Burbach, Daniel Nugent, Ellen Meiksins Wood, James Petras, Henry Veltmeyer, & June Nash. 69 References. J. R. Callahan

Outlines way in which the crisis of colonialism, universalization of the nation-state system, and deepening of the Cold War provided the context for emergence of a national development discourse; 1940s-1970s; discusses reconfiguration of role of the state as US-centered globalization accelerated; 1980s-1990s.