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No figure in the Labour movement has attracted such extremes of emotion as has James Ramsay MacDonald. Loved and almost worshipped for more than 30 years, his formation of the National Government in August 1931 incurred hatred, bitterness and contempt from those whom he had led for so long. MacDonald's career and the admiration and odium which it engendered is without parallel in British politics. Originally published in 1978, this book provides an answer to the charge that MacDonald deliberately betrayed the Labour movement by forming a coalition government with the Conservative and Liberal Parties. It examines the criticism that he ruthlessly proceeded to destroy the Labour Party in the General Election of October 1931 - an election which he pledged, only two months earlier, would not be held. Using the private papers and authorised (auto)biographies, and the Cabinet minutes of the day, this book reconstructs what really happened between August 1 and 24 1931, and accounts for the mercilessness with which he is remembered by the Labour Party.

Originally published in 1968, the theme of this book is the decline of the influence of the House of Commons in general and the rise in particular in the power of the Prime Minister. The author looks behind the myths of how our constitution operates to describe what was actually happening in practice in the 2nd half of the 20th Century. The book highlights the way in which the Commons was failing to check and control the executive. It also makes valuable suggestions (which have since been adopted) to set up specialist committees, to consider the principal political issues of the day and how the House of Lords might be reformed.

Originally published in 1972, this book is an account of the events which led Humphry Berkeley to join the Labour Party after seven years a Conservative Member of Parliament and twenty years as a member of the Conservative Party. Starting with his own political origins he shows the consistency of his internationalist and humanitarian philosophy against the background of the issues with which he was most concerned: abroad - Africa, the Commonwealth, the United Nations; at home - immigration, race, social reform. During his political career the author came into close contact with may of the leading figures of British politics and the book devotes chapters to a personal view of Macmillan, Butler, Macleod, Heath and Wilson. The book gives a vivid picture of UK political life in the 20th Century and illustrates the character of each of the 2 main Parties, showing also the conflicts facing a politician fighting to retain both his persona integrity and the means to play a leading role in Party politics.

What is Economics? -- Explaining the Behaviour of Individuals: Theory of Consumer Choice -- Demand and Supply: the Price Mechanism in a Market Economy -- Markets and Competition -- Production Economics: Theory of the Firm -- Factors of Production and their Rewards: Theory of Distribution -- Market Failure: Some Problems of Using the Market to Allocate Resources -- Macroeconomics: the Workings of the Whole Economy -- International Trade -- Government Policy for Agriculture and Rural Areas.

"Each of the 8 chapters in this volume addresses menstruation and/or menstrual blood in various media sites with a view to answering the question, what does blood perform? Menstrual blood may be enduringly feminine but it is never just one thing. Menstruation Now contains a chapter on advertising: the shifting "conversation" of menstruation in contemporary advertising leads to youtube videos and other online sources. Fiction: The central character in Alice Munro's short story, "Chance," discovers her period while on a train ride. Menstrual blood metaphorically spills over to inform the leaky narrative, the shape of the story, and the "female complaint." Legal Discourse: Both sides in the legal battle over whether Terry Schiavo (who had been in a persistent vegetative state) should live or have the right to die invoked the fact of her menstrual blood to signify what each wanted, i.e., different definitions of womanhood and life. Pornographic films: Menstrual blood in pornographic films is analyzed as a "para-text," what happens off-scene but is still caught on camera and becomes part of the fluidity of desire. A media icon: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis's phantasized menstrual blood - her uterine utterance - is argued to take the place of the verbal utterances she wouldn't emit (she was a witness to, but wholly silent about, the assassination and her marriage before that). Art: Contemporary menstrual art is examined with a view to understanding how it exposes, normalizes and aestheticizes the phenomenological experience of bleeding. Film: Menstrual blood in Ingmar Bergman's film Cries and Whispers is seen as a liminal space of transition and ritual: both blood and liminality are charged with irrationality (and hence the potential for affirmation and re-performance). Television: Orange is the New Black (Netflix) contains comical plot-lines about menstruation and menstrual products in its prison setting. Unruly blood is analyzed in conjunction with characters - inmates - who are always-already unruly: they are in prison, i.e., in necessity of restraint. Feminine comedy itself is a challenge to discursive authority; menstrual blood in this context is positioned as a noisy disruption and reigned in by the small screen and the comedic apparatus. In sum, blood is performative and never means only one thing. It can thus, now as always, be performed again in the service of new meanings and experiences."--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of tables -- List of figures -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1: Approaches to income -- 1.2: The income information system -- 1.3: A conspiracy of ignorance? -- 1.4: Appropriate indicators -- 1.5: Wealth -- 1.6: Information and decisions -- 1.7: The plan of the rest of the book -- Chapter 2: Incomes and Agricultural Policy -- 2.1: Fundamental economic forces -- 2.2: The aims of agricultural policy -- 2.3: Official statements of policy for the EU -- 2.3.1: The agricultural community and the family farm -- 2.4: National agricultural policies in the EU - the cases of the UK and Germany -- 2.5: Income objectives in non-EU industrialised countries -- 2.6: Elucidating the income objectives of agricultural policy -- 2.7: Income information and the general theory of data systems -- 2.8: In conclusion -- Chapter 3: Conceptual Issues -- 3.1: Standard of living -- 3.2: Consumption and living standards -- 3.3: The assessment of poverty -- 3.4: Agricultural incomes and the welfare of farmers -- 3.5: Aspects of personal income -- 3.5.1: General definition of personal income -- 3.5.2: The household unit -- 3.5.3: Accounting for and valuing non-money income -- 3.5.4: Capital gain and income -- 3.5.5: The importance of time -- 3.6: Disposable income -- 3.7: Multiple-activity households -- 3.7.1: Classifying households into agricultural and non-agricultural groups -- 3.7.2: Decisions of multiple-activity agricultural households -- 3.8: Family and non-family farms -- 3.9: Deductions from income -- 3.10: Wealth and economic status -- 3.11: Summary and conclusions -- Chapter 4: Indicators of Income from Agricultural Production -- 4.1: Agriculture in the national accounts -- 4.2: The production branch agriculture - methodology used up to 1998.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Editor's Introduction -- Biography and Intellectual Influences -- The Program of the Three Dialogues -- A Synopsis of the Three Dialogues -- The Reception and Subsequent Influence of the Three Dialogues -- Bibliography -- A Note on the Text -- Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Preface -- The First Dialogue -- The Second Dialogue -- The Third Dialogue -- Index

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Introductory Note -- Analytic Table of Contents -- A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge -- The Preface -- Introduction -- Of the Principles of Human Knowledge: Part I -- List of Primary Sources Referred to in the Text -- Index

Irish-born philosopher George Berkeley developed a radical theory of human knowledge that he called ""immaterialism."" Put simply, it was Berkeley's belief that most objects that the human mind perceives as real do not actually exist. Following the back-and-forth conversational style of Socrates, Berkeley sets forth his innovative ideas in dialogue form in this text

Born and educated in Ireland, the eighteenth-century philosopher George Berkeley developed an influential school of thought that later came to be described as ""subjective idealism."" In A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, Berkeley lays out the basic principles of his theory

1. Understanding the policy process : what is policy? -- 2. Understanding the agricultural policy problems and objectives of the European Union -- 3. Understanding the policy decision-making process in the European Union -- 4. Evidence-based policy : information and statistics for policy decisions -- 5. Understanding the instruments used to implement the CAP -- 6. Understanding the support of agriculture in the EU : pillar 1 of the CAP (direct payments and market support) -- 7. Understanding the support of agriculture and rural development in the EU : pillar 2 of the CAP -- 8. Understanding the CAP and the environment : the environmental part of Pillar 2 -- 9. Understanding the CAP and international trade and development -- 10. Understanding the costs of the CAP : budget and finance -- 11. Understanding the assessment (evaluation) of the CAP and rural policy -- 12. Understanding the history of the CAP and European policy.

The majority of recent publications on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union address current issues and specific applications. There is little available which attempts to increase understanding of the nature of existing policies, their development, intentions, problems and successes. The aim of this book is to improve knowledge and understanding of the 'policy process' and its application to the CAP, focussing on the principles of policy analysis. For while the details of agricultural and environmental policies evolve, the principles upon which they are based endure. The author uses economics as a basis for his exploration, as fairly simple economics holds the key to understanding many of the fundamental pressures to which agriculture and rural areas are subject. He explains the importance of the political and administrative context in which the process occurs, acknowledging the influence of environmental and sociological concerns. Such knowledge of the conceptual framework of the 'policy process' and its application to the CAP is essential for all concerned with agriculture and rural livelihoods, both within the European Union and in those countries trading with the EU. This includes both students and professionals. The book provides an understanding of these principles in terms of how and why policy changes, thus increasing the efficiency and efficacy of the process.