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Intro -- Foreword -- References -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Project Acronyms -- Chapter 1: Brazilian Estuaries: A Geomorphologic and Oceanographic Perspective -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Geomorphology -- 1.2.1 Structural Control of the Estuaries -- 1.2.2 Dimensions -- 1.2.3 River Discharges -- 1.3 Tides and Hydrography -- 1.3.1 Tidal Ranges, Tidal Prisms, and Tidal Distortions -- 1.3.2 Estuarine Mixing, Gradients, and Circulation -- 1.4 Estuary Sedimentation -- 1.4.1 Fluvial Sediment Supply -- 1.4.2 Surface Sediment Cover and Sediment Deposition Rates -- 1.5 Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 2: Benthic Estuarine Assemblages of the Brazilian North Coast (Amazonia Ecoregion) -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 General Physical and Chemical Characteristics -- 2.3 Benthic Fauna -- 2.3.1 Assemblage Composition -- 2.3.1.1 Mudflats -- 2.3.1.2 Salt Marshes -- 2.3.1.3 Mangroves -- 2.4 Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Faunal Diversity, Abundance, and Biomass -- 2.4.1 Amapá Estuaries -- 2.4.2 Pará Estuaries -- 2.4.3 Maranhão Estuaries -- 2.5 Assemblage Succession -- 2.6 Processes Mediated by Benthic Organisms -- 2.7 Impacts and Conservation Issues -- 2.7.1 The Case Study of the Hydrographic Basin of the Caeté River (Pará) -- 2.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Benthic Estuarine Assemblages of the Northeastern Brazil Marine Ecoregion -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Hydrographic Patterns -- 3.2 Benthic Fauna -- 3.2.1 Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Biodiversity and Faunal Abundance and Biomass -- 3.2.2 Processes Mediated by Benthic Organisms -- 3.3 Impacts and Conservation Issues -- 3.4 Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 4: Benthic Estuarine Assemblages of the Eastern Marine Brazilian Ecoregion (EME) -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Mangrove Habitats -- 4.3 Estuarine Benthic Assemblages.

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Project Acronyms -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Brazilian Deep-Sea Biodiversity -- References -- Chapter 2: Water Masses and Oceanic Circulation of the Brazilian Continental Margin and Adjacent Abyssal Plain -- 2.1 Preamble -- 2.2 Water Masses -- 2.3 Western Boundary Currents -- 2.3.1 The Brazil Current System -- 2.3.2 The North Brazil Current System -- 2.3.3 The Deep Western Boundary Current -- 2.3.4 A Brief Synthesis -- References -- Chapter 3: Continental Slope and Submarine Canyons: Benthic Biodiversity and Human Impacts -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Biodiversity of the Deep-Sea Margin -- 3.2.1 Slope Benthic Ecosystems -- 3.2.1.1 Patterns of Faunal Abundance and Species Richness -- 3.2.2 Submarine Canyons -- 3.3 Human Impacts on Brazilian Continental Margins -- 3.3.1 Current Threats to Deep-Sea Ecosystems Off Brazil -- 3.3.1.1 Oil and Gas -- 3.3.1.2 Deep Water Fishing -- 3.3.2 Future Threats by Climate Change and Seabed Mining -- 3.3.2.1 Climate Change -- 3.3.2.2 Seabed Mining -- References -- Chapter 4: Brazilian Deep-Sea Corals -- 4.1 Deep-Sea Corals -- 4.1.1 Hexacorallia Scleractinia -- 4.1.2 Octocorallia -- 4.2 Brazilian Deep-Sea Corals -- 4.2.1 History of the Study of the Deep-Water Scleractinians from Brazil -- 4.2.2 History of the Study of the Deep-Water Octocorallians from Brazil -- 4.3 Modeling the Distribution of Deep-Sea Corals from Brazil -- 4.4 Reproduction in the Deep-Sea Coral Habitats -- 4.5 Anthropogenic Impacts on Brazilian Deep-Water Coral Ecosystems -- 4.5.1 Fisheries -- 4.5.2 Mining and Oil and Gas Exploration -- 4.5.3 Climate Change -- References -- Chapter 5: Chemosynthetic Ecosystems on the Brazilian Deep-Sea Margin -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Seeps on the Brazilian Margin -- 5.2.1 Known Brazilian Seeps -- 5.3 Organic Falls.