Suchergebnisse

Purpose. This article provides a morphological study of the life of Hryhorii Skovoroda as a philosopher's self-construction – compared to the lives of such philosophers as Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger and Henry Thoreau. Theoretical basis. The study is based on the use of a monadological approach to history in combination with the biographical method. The ideas of the classical philosophical systems of Gottfried Leibniz and Oswald Spengler are applied taking into account their rethinking by Ukrainian philosophers Ivan Boichenko and Vadym Menzhulin. Thanks to this, the life of the Ukrainian philosopher Hryhorii Skovoroda is considered as a monad that constantly carries out its own semantic self-unfolding. Originality. The thorough paradoxical nature of Hryhorii Skovoroda's philosophy, which is attributed to him based on other philosophical systems, is completely removed by the performative sequence of his life as a philosopher, which is shown by systematic comparisons of the main characteristics of his life with the lives of other prominent philosophers who subordinated their actions to their philosophical concept. Conclusions. Hryhorii Skovoroda's philosophy is a monad, that is, such a primary phenomenon that cannot be explained from other phenomena: comparison with other monads is only a pretext for identifying the characteristics of the monad under study, which are gradually revealed as a manifestation of its originality and uniqueness. The originality of the philosophical conceptualization of Skovoroda's life should be carried out in a step-by-step comparison with the conscious life of other philosophers, and such a comparison needs to be continued, constantly carried out. The peculiarity of this study is an attempt to provide a methodological justification for such a comparative morphological-biographical philosophical research.

The purpose of this article is to define the limits of technocentrism through the analysis of the limiting opportunities of technique and technology from certain value positions. Theoretical basis. The philosophical anthropology of Helmut Plessner (the axiological direction in anthropology and neo-institutionalism) was the research methodology. Originality. The institutional use of technology gives it the character of a social phenomenon and turns it into technology. The ability of individuals, which is aimed at achieving a certain goal with the help of certain sustainable techniques, is not yet technology in itself but is only a certain author's technique. Such subjectively acquired technique can be turned into socially used technology, otherwise, it will be lost. Technology is a technique that has gained recognition and has been mastered by those who did not invent it but used the algorithm proposed by the inventor, a detailed and functionally sound explanation, a method of constructing this technique. But the main thing is that technology is a technique that has received an acceptable justification for society. Conclusions. Technology is not only a means of achieving the goal, it is a way for a human being to transform the world. As such, technology is a component of human himself/herself and changes human – more precisely, a human being changed himself/herself with the help of technologies that he/she creates. However, this creates certain limits of such transformations: technology cannot replace humans in their ability to self-reproduce. Technology is always an element of social communication: the success of communication is interdependent on the success of the technology. Social modernization includes new technologies, but a more important component of social modernization is the new values for which these new technologies are created. Human evolution generates the technocratism at a certain stage. But to the extent that technocracy begins to contradict the values of humans and society, it loses its source of development – human creativity.

Purpose. The aim of this article is an analysis of the main versions of the biodeterminist tradition of re­solving the issue of the nature of gender identity, as well as identification of the advantages of the new version of biodeterminism, which involves elements of social constructivism. Theoretical basis. Social norms determine the extent to which a person has the right to independently determine his or her gender identity, and even more so, to change his or her body according to such gender concepts. Social norms regulate gender relations in society and direct the gender behavior of individuals. However, social norms do not create either the human body, or those biological laws, according to which it functions. Originality. The biodetermist theories of the gender were analyzed from the position of "week" social constructivism. The role of social norms as a factor of gender self-certification, as well as a factor of control over social interference in the functioning of human corporeality is considered. The role of modern medicine as an increasingly influential institutional means of control over the functioning of human corporeality, and therefore, indirectly, and for the implementation of gender identity self-identification is revealed. Conclusions. According to the "week" social constructivism the gender emerges as an integral result of biological, psychological and social construction. The role of personality in the design of the gender has historically grown, but this role can never exclude the influence of biological and social factors that are increasingly becoming the nature of biological and social technologies. Personality can become a victim of these technologies, but he/she can program them, or at any rate selectively use, combine, or to some extent adjust existing biological and social technologies.

Purpose. This article clarifies the significance of the person's social self-identification as a basis for civilization and institutional explanation of national self-identification in Ukraine. Theoretical basis. The authors found that the analysis of the cultural and anthropological principles of national self-identity reveals two main opposed concepts: the concept of "eastern" cultural and social self-identity of Ukraine, which correlates with the metaphor of the split between "East" and "West", and the concept of "western" projection of the European future of Ukraine, which correlates with the metaphor of the bridge between "East" and "West". These concepts reflect the options for the citizens of Ukraine to make a personal choice of the way in achieving social self-identity. Douglas North's concept of "open-access order" states and "limited access order" states can be used as a basis for an alternative, pragmatic approach to choice the criteria of national self-identity. Originality. National self-identification is a result of the choice of the person's self-identification: still the person takes into account the history of the nation, the ethnic diversity of the nation, its cultural and civilizational characteristics. The philosophical-anthropological approach contributes to the demystification of the grounds of social self-identification, revealing the decisive role of the personal choice in shaping the new institutional foundations of national self-identity. Harmonization of the social institutions of Ukraine with the institutions of the European Union and the international community institutions opens wide opportunities for Ukraine's successful integration into the "open-access order" societies. The clarification of the value and symbolic aspects of national self-identity in Ukraine contributes to the successful functioning of these institutions. Multilingualism is an adequate response to the global challenge of the reconstruction of Ukraine's national self-identity. The education system is a key area for introducing multilingualism. Conclusions. The development, justification and systematization of cultural and institutional criteria for choosing the best ways to strengthen of national self-identity in Ukraine are a prerequisite for the successful self-identification of Ukrainian citizens in a complex and ever-changing global world.

Purpose. This article clarifies the significance of the person's social self-identification as a basis for civilization and institutional explanation of national self-identification in Ukraine. Theoretical basis. The authors found that the analysis of the cultural and anthropological principles of national self-identity reveals two main opposed concepts: the concept of "eastern" cultural and social self-identity of Ukraine, which correlates with the metaphor of the split between "East" and "West", and the concept of "western" projection of the European future of Ukraine, which correlates with the metaphor of the bridge between "East" and "West". These concepts reflect the options for the citizens of Ukraine to make a personal choice of the way in achieving social self-identity. Douglas North's concept of "open-access order" states and "limited access order" states can be used as a basis for an alternative, pragmatic approach to choice the criteria of national self-identity. Originality. National self-identification is a result of the choice of the person's self-identification: still the person takes into account the history of the nation, the ethnic diversity of the nation, its cultural and civilizational characteristics. The philosophical-anthropological approach contributes to the demystification of the grounds of social self-identification, revealing the decisive role of the personal choice in shaping the new institutional foundations of national self-identity. Harmonization of the social institutions of Ukraine with the institutions of the European Union and the international community institutions opens wide opportunities for Ukraine's successful integration into the "open-access order" societies. The clarification of the value and symbolic aspects of national self-identity in Ukraine contributes to the successful functioning of these institutions. Multilingualism is an adequate response to the global challenge of the reconstruction of Ukraine's national self-identity. The education system is a key area for introducing multilingualism. Conclusions. The development, justification and systematization of cultural and institutional criteria for choosing the best ways to strengthen of national self-identity in Ukraine are a prerequisite for the successful self-identification of Ukrainian citizens in a complex and ever-changing global world. ; Цель. Эта статья проясняет значимость социальной самоидентификации личности как основы для цивилизационного и институционального объяснения национальной самоидентификации в Украине. Теоретический базис. Авторы выявили, что при анализе культурно-антропологических основ национальной самоидентичности друг другу противостоят две основные концепции: концепция "восточной" культурной и общественной самоидентичности Украины, с которой коррелирует метафора раскола между "Востоком" и "Западом", и концепция "западной" проекции европейского будущего Украины, которая коррелируется с метафорой моста между "Востоком" и "Западом". Эти концепции отражают опции личного выбора пути получения социальной самоидентичности гражданами Украины. Концепция Дугласа Норта о государствах "порядка открытого доступа" и государствах "порядка ограниченного доступа" может быть использована как основа для альтернативного, прагматического подхода для выбора критериев национальной самоидентичности. Научная новизна. Национальная самоидентификация является результатом выбора личностью своей социальной самоидентификации: при этом личность учитывает историю нации, этническое разнообразие нации, ее культурные и цивилизационные характеристики. Философско-антропологический подход способствует демистификации оснований социальной самоидентификации, выявляя решающую роль личного выбора в формировании новых институциональных основ национальной самоидентичности. Согласование социальных институтов Украины с институтами Европейского Союза и международного сообщества открывает широкие возможности успешной интеграции Украины в общества "порядка открытого доступа". Выяснение ценностных и символических аспектов национальной самоидентичности в Украине способствует успешному функционированию этих институтов. Многоязычие является адекватным ответом на глобальный вызов реконструкции национальной самоидентичности Украины. Система образования является ключевой сферой внедрения многоязычия. Выводы. Развитие, обоснование и систематизация культурных и институциональных критериев выбора лучших путей укрепления национальной идентичности в Украине является основной предпосылкой успешной самоидентификации украинских граждан в сложном и постоянно меняющемся глобальном мире. ; Мета. Ця стаття прояснює значущість соціальної самоідентифікації особистості як основи для цивілізаційного та інституційного пояснення національної самоідентифікації в Україні. Теоретичний базис. Автори виявили, що при аналізі культурно-антропологічних засад національної самоідентичності одна одній протистоять дві основні концепції: концепція "східної" культурної та суспільної самоідентичності України, з якою корелюється метафора розколу між "Сходом" та "Заходом", та концепція "західної" проекції європейського майбутнього України, яка корелюється з метафорою мосту між "Сходом" та "Заходом". Ці концепції відображають опції особистого вибору шляху здобуття соціальної самоідентичності громадянами України. Концепція Дугласа Норта щодо держав "порядку відкритого доступу" та держав "порядку обмеженого доступу" може бути використана як основа для альтернативного, прагматичного підходу для вибору критеріїв національної самоідентичності. Наукова новизна. Національна самоідентифікація є результатом вибору особистістю своєї соціальної самоідентифікації: при цьому особистість враховує історію нації, етнічне розмаїття нації, її культурні та цивілізаційні характеристики. Філософсько-антропологічний підхід сприяє демістифікації підстав соціальної самоідентифікації, виявляючи вирішальну роль особистого вибору у формуванні нових інституційних засад національної самоідентичності. Узгодження соціальних інститутів України з інституціями Європейського Союзу та міжнародного співтовариства відкриває широкі можливості успішної інтеграції України до суспільств "порядку відкритого доступу". З'ясування ціннісних та символічних аспектів національної самоідентичності в Україні сприяє успішному функціонуванню цих інституцій. Багатомовність є адекватною відповіддю на глобальний виклик реконструкції національної самоідентичності України. Система освіти є ключовою сферою запровадження багатомовності. Висновки. Розвиток, обґрунтування та систематизація культурних та інституційних критеріїв вибору найкращих шляхів зміцнення національної ідентичності в Україні є основною передумовою успішної самоідентифікації українських громадян у складному та постійно мінливому глобальному світі.