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"This book addresses key issues and offers expert viewpoints into the field of network and data communications, presenting research articles that address the most salient issues in network and data communications"--Provided by publisher

Post-disaster, city planners need to effectively plan response activities and assign rescue teams to specific disaster zones quickly. We address the problem of lack of accurate information of the disaster zones and existence of human survivors in debris using image analytics from smart city data. Innovative usage of smart city infrastructure is proposed as a potential solution to this issue. We collected images from earthquake-hit smart urban environments and implemented a CNN model for classification of these images to identify human body parts out of the debris. TensorFlow backend (using Keras) was utilized for this classification. We were able to achieve 83.2% accuracy from our model. The novel application of image data from smart city infrastructure and the resultant findings from our model has significant implications for effective disaster response operations, especially in smart cities.

Despite the pursuit of similar industrial policies during the post-1990s, Indian states have revealed divergent outcomes in industrial growth. Such divergence suggests different levels of policy implementation which itself is a result of the interplay of formal and informal institutions, historically shaped. We try to ex-plain this divergence in the context of the evolution of state–business relations in West Bengal, a coastal state in Eastern India, and unique among Indian states not only by virtue of being ruled by a Leftist regime for an uninterrupted 34 years (1977—May, 2011), but also by having witnessed a turnaround of sorts in the outlook of the former government towards private capital within this period. Our findings suggest that it is the peculiarity of institutional behaviour that determines the policy outcomes in the state. The rigidities in political as well as economic institutions in the state are prompting us to look at West Bengal as a classic case of 'institutional stickiness' leading to 'path dependency'.

Over the years, government's enacted laws and enunciated policies to provide for decent work life, guarantee minimum wages, cushion against rise in cost of living, ensure equal remuneration and deter employers from making unfair and arbitrary deductions from wages has led to a change in the impact trade unions had on wage determination. The present article discusses different aspects of trade union's role in wage and salary administration in terms of choices and options for trade unions, unions' impact on general wage levels, unions' impact in terms of spill-over effect, role of trade unions in wage and salary policies and practices and so on.

The ambitious drive of the Government of India to transform the Indian economy from a cash-based economy to a cashless economy was contingent in a big way on the people's acceptance of cashless modes of transactions, adaptability to cashless transactions and change in the transaction behavior of consumers and retailers, besides several other factors. As the small retailers form the bulk of the Indian retail sector, their ability to go cashless, their psychological preparedness and their willingness to adopt cashless transactions become an issue of prime importance in the movement towards cashless. The present study was conducted to assess the awareness of the small retailers regarding the cashless transaction and its modes, to understand their apprehensions and perceived convenience in dealing with a cashless system of the transaction and to measure their extent of participation in cashless transactions. The study was conducted in Bareilly, an important city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, with a population of around ten lakhs. Data for the study was obtained from 117 retailers using a structured questionnaire. The study found that though a significant number of small retailers were aware of the possibility of the cashless transaction and its modes, their frequency of engaging in cashless transactions was abysmally less as compared to that of cash-based transactions. They were found to believe that dealing with cash was easier in comparison to handling cashless transactions. Fear of losing money due to the faulty transaction was found to be a major deterrent in going cashless amongst the small retailers surveyed during the study.

The importance of sustainable development has been widely recognized by people, society, governments, and the business world. Green information technology (IT) has therefore become one of the latest considerations to improve the environmental sustainability of a business. Yet, as important as this term is, it is being used in so many different ways that it might lose meaning altogether. It is important to clarify the different meanings of green IT to understand how to pursue it better as a business, economic and social objective. Four different perspectives on green IT, and the benefits and barriers of green IT strategy adoption are reviewed and discussed in this article.