Suchergebnisse

The fate of various emerging contaminants as well as priority pollutants from the European Union Water Framework directive was examined along a complex combination of natural and engineered processes used to produce drinking water downstream of a major metropolitan area. The sampling points examined comprised Seine river water downstream of the Paris area, water from a primary well after bank filtration, water from a secondary well influenced by an artificial recharge process and water from the mixture of secondary wells after drinking water treatment. More than 80 organic contaminants including drugs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, oestrogenic hormones, PBDEs, chlorophenols, nonylphenols, drugs, were monitored during five campaigns. River bank filtration and to a lesser extent artificial recharge clearly decreased the variety of contaminants, in particular a variety of drugs detected in the river. On the other hand riverbank filtration was found to increase nonylphenols by anaerobic degradation of nonylphenolpolyethoxylate precursors. Traces of aspirin, nonylphenols and stimulants were occasionally detected in the finished drinking water above 0.1 µg/l.

The objective of action D of the project was to evaluate the fate of micropollutants through sludge treatment processes. Sampling campaigns were done on 9 sludge treatment facilities: a low temperature dryer, a high temperature dryer, a solar dyer, an anaerobic digestion followed by a tunnels composting unit, a compartments composting unit, a swath composting unit and two drying reed beds. 79 micropollutants were analyzed in the inlet sludge, treated sludge, green waste, screening waste, compost and condensates samples, selected according to their occurrence in sludge, their physicochemical properties, their toxicity and the legislation, but also their limit of quantification and the availability of reliable analytical techniques. A specific sampling protocol was developed in order to be able to follow a "batch" of sludge through the treatment. Mass balances were established to calculate micropollutants removal efficiencies and the fate of the substances through these facilities was evaluated. In order to limit the uncertainties due to sampling and analysis, strict rules were followed for the calculations.Some of the micropollutants were partly removed by sludge treatments: Solar drying seemed to allow a slight reduction of hormones concentrations in sludge, even if they were in low concentrations in the inlet sludge. The high temperature dryer seemed to allow a partial reduction of PAHs in sludge but it varied according to the PAHs concentrations in the inlet sludge. Sludge drying reed-bed operated with 14 weeks resting period has provided a partial removal of HAP The sludge treatment processes studied were able to degrade nonylphenol mono and di-ethoxylates. Composting and the sludge drying reed-bed (14 weeks resting period) were able to remove nonylphenols. Only drying (high temperature) was able to remove octylphenols. The compartment composting, and the sludge drying reed-bed (14 weeks resting period), were the most efficient process on DEHP, galaxolide, tonalide, di-butylphtalate and triclosan. However, bisphenol A accumulated in the sludge samples for composting. Sludge drying reed beds operated with 14 weeks resting period had much better removal efficiencies than the one operated with 14 days resting period. None of the sludge treatment evaluated was able to remove metals (except mercury that was partly removed by high temperature drying). None of the sludge treatment processes evaluated in this project was able to allow a removal of the global micropollutants load. Some micropollutants were removed from the sludge but others accumulated in the treated sludge, mainly because they were degradation products of other compounds, partly removed during the process. ; L'objectif de l'action D du projet ARMISTIQ était d'évaluer le devenir des micropolluants à travers les procédés de traitement des boues. Des campagnes d'échantillonnage ont été faites dans neuf installations de traitement des boues : un sécheur thermique basse température, un sécheur thermique haute température, un sécheur solaire, une digestion anaérobie suivie d'un compostage accéléré en tunnels, une unité de compostage en casiers ventilés, une unité de compostage rustique en andains et deux lits de séchage plantés de roseaux. 79 micropolluants ont été analysés dans les échantillons de boue brute, de boue traitée, de déchets verts, de refus de criblage, de compost et de condensats. Ils ont été choisis en fonction de leur occurrence dans les boues de stations de traitement des eaux usées domestiques, de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques, de leur toxicité et de la réglementation mais également en fonction de leurs limites de quantification et de la disponibilité d'une technique analytique dans la matrice boue. Un protocole d'échantillonnage spécifique a été développé afin de suivre un « lot » de boue à travers le procédé de traitement. Des bilans matière ont été effectués afin de calculer des rendements d'élimination pour les 9 installations de traitement des boues en suivant des règles de calcul spécifiques permettant d'obtenir des données robustes malgré les incertitudes liées à l'échantillonnage et à l'analyse.Certains micropolluants sont partiellement éliminés grâce aux procédés de traitement des boues : Le séchage solaire semble permettre une réduction de la concentration en hormones dans la boue, même si les concentrations en hormones étaient très faibles dans les boues d'entrée. Le séchage thermique haute température semble permettre une réduction partielle des HAP dans les boues, mais le rendement a fortement varié selon la concentration en HAP en entrée. Les HAP ont également été partiellement éliminés par le lit de séchage planté de roseaux fonctionnant à 14 semaines de repos. Les procédés de traitement des boues évalués ont tous permis une dégradation des nonylphénols mono et diéthoxylates (en nonylphénols). Une unité de compostage et un lit de séchage planté de roseaux (faible rythme d'alimentation-repos) ont permis d'éliminer partiellement les nonylphénols. Le séchage thermique (haute température) a eu un effet d'élimination sur les octylphénols. Le compostage en casiers et le lit de séchage planté de roseaux (faible rythme d'alimentation-repos) ont été efficaces sur DEHP, galaxolide, tonalide, di-butylphtalate et triclosan. Par contre, le bisphenol A s'est accumulé dans les boues pour le compostage. Le lit de séchage planté de roseaux fonctionnant sous 2 semaines d'alimentation et 14 semaines de repos a montré de meilleures efficacités d'élimination que celui fonctionnant sous 2 jours d'alimentation et 14 jours de repos. Aucun des procédés étudiés n'a permis d'éliminer les métaux, excepté le mercure, partiellement volatilisé dans le sécheur à haute température. Aucun des procédés de traitement des boues étudiés dans ce projet n'a permis une élimination de la charge globale en micropolluants dans les boues. Certains micropolluants s'accumulent dans les boues traitées, principalement car ce sont des produits de dégradation d'autres composés, partiellement éliminés pendant le traitement.

The objective of action D of the project was to evaluate the fate of micropollutants through sludge treatment processes. Sampling campaigns were done on 9 sludge treatment facilities: a low temperature dryer, a high temperature dryer, a solar dyer, an anaerobic digestion followed by a tunnels composting unit, a compartments composting unit, a swath composting unit and two drying reed beds. 79 micropollutants were analyzed in the inlet sludge, treated sludge, green waste, screening waste, compost and condensates samples, selected according to their occurrence in sludge, their physicochemical properties, their toxicity and the legislation, but also their limit of quantification and the availability of reliable analytical techniques. A specific sampling protocol was developed in order to be able to follow a "batch" of sludge through the treatment. Mass balances were established to calculate micropollutants removal efficiencies and the fate of the substances through these facilities was evaluated. In order to limit the uncertainties due to sampling and analysis, strict rules were followed for the calculations.Some of the micropollutants were partly removed by sludge treatments: Solar drying seemed to allow a slight reduction of hormones concentrations in sludge, even if they were in low concentrations in the inlet sludge. The high temperature dryer seemed to allow a partial reduction of PAHs in sludge but it varied according to the PAHs concentrations in the inlet sludge. Sludge drying reed-bed operated with 14 weeks resting period has provided a partial removal of HAP The sludge treatment processes studied were able to degrade nonylphenol mono and di-ethoxylates. Composting and the sludge drying reed-bed (14 weeks resting period) were able to remove nonylphenols. Only drying (high temperature) was able to remove octylphenols. The compartment composting, and the sludge drying reed-bed (14 weeks resting period), were the most efficient process on DEHP, galaxolide, tonalide, di-butylphtalate and triclosan. However, ...

The chemical pollution crisis severely threatens human and environmental health globally. To tackle this challenge the establishment of an overarching international science–policy body has recently been suggested. We strongly support this initiative based on the awareness that humanity has already likely left the safe operating space within planetary boundaries for novel entities including chemical pollution. Immediate action is essential and needs to be informed by sound scientific knowledge and data compiled and critically evaluated by an overarching science–policy interface body. Major challenges for such a body are (i) to foster global knowledge production on exposure, impacts and governance going beyond data-rich regions (e.g., Europe and North America), (ii) to cover the entirety of hazardous chemicals, mixtures and wastes, (iii) to follow a one-health perspective considering the risks posed by chemicals and waste on ecosystem and human health, and (iv) to strive for solution-oriented assessments based on systems thinking. Based on multiple evidence on urgent action on a global scale, we call scientists and practitioners to mobilize their scientific networks and to intensify science–policy interaction with national governments to support the negotiations on the establishment of an intergovernmental body based on scientific knowledge explaining the anticipated benefit for human and environmental health. ; Projekt DEAL