Suchergebnisse

Gobernabilidad, gobernanza y gobierno Para la conceptualización de la gobernanza resulta necesario distinguir en primer lugar el término gobernabilidad1 que está estrechamente ligado y se considera un concepto concomitante. Así, para Claudio Saínz (2005: 45), "la gobernabilidad es el conjunto de condiciones, distintas para cada región, que se traducen en un estado de armonía de trabajo conjunto de corresponsabilidad entre sociedad y gobierno, entre emprendedores y el territorio, entre las fuerzas económicas y las instituciones". Luis Aguilar (2007: 145) señala que "la gobernabilidad denota la posibilidad o probabilidad de que el gobierno gobierne a su sociedad, mientras su opuesto, ingobernabilidad, significa la posibilidad o probabilidad de que el gobierno deje de gobernar a su sociedad o no la gobierne, pero connota que la probabilidad o improbabilidad de gobernar se deriva de la capacidad o incapacidad del gobierno de dirigir a su sociedad". La articulación de la gobernabilidad o ingobernabilidad con la capacidad o incapacidad de gobernar del gobierno ha sido el enfoque dominante en la literatura desde 1975, cuando se publicó el libro pionero La crisis de la democracia (Crozier, M., S. Huntington y J. Watanuki, 1975), en el que por primera vez ap ; El objetivo del presente artículo radica en identificar la evolución de los enfoques conceptuales de la gobernanza con visión territorial, a partir de la revisión de diversos autores e nstituciones oficiales que han abordado el tema desde diferentes matices. Dicha exploración se organiza en cuatro secciones; en la primera se analiza la relación entre la obernabilidad, la gobernanza y el gobierno, resaltando la participación social como elemento clave del conjunto de actores inmersos en el sistema urbano; en la segunda se intetizan los orígenes de la gobernanza, destacando la noción anglosajona y la perspectiva de organismos internacionales; para posteriormente enfatizar, en una tercera sección, en las vertientes y en los enfoques teóricos de la gobernanza vinculados a la nueva gestión pública; en una cuarta sección se aborda su evolución desde la concepción multinivel, emocrática, territorial y urbana integrada. Finalmente, se plantea el vínculo existente entre la gestión urbana y la acción pública, sintetizando las corrientes y enfoques del desarrollo urbano.

The energy sector is the single largest source of carbon emissions, for which actions oriented to reduce its carbon intensity are critical to effectively tackle climate change. A great and yet largely untapped potential to reduce its emissions lies in oil and gas companies. Cognizant of this potential, in recent years several International Oil Companies (IOCs), publicly traded organizations with large capital access and wide geographical reach, have looked forward to effectively reduce their carbon intensity by shifting their operations to non-core low-carbon energy development.
The IOCs have embraced this transition to leverage the business opportunities presented by political and social environments progressively more accountable of the energy sector's contributions to climate change. Owing to the potential of this transition to produce positive climate outcomes, it has sparked great interest in an increasing number of stakeholders; nevertheless, National Oil Companies (NOCs) and other state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the energy sector are still notoriously absent.
SOEs not only dominate the global oil and gas industry over IOCs, but they typically enjoy more favorable industry conditions, as they benefit from improved capital access and governmental support, as their overall value proposition, business strategies and budgets are interlinked with, or heavily influenced by governmental policies.
Under a mutable business environment which favors the development of energy resources with low or zero carbon content, it is reasonable to anticipate that national governments will become more determined to join the energy transition through their SOEs based on two main reasons: meeting their national targets under global emissions reductions commitments while sustaining shareholder value. Given the complex efforts and resources in carrying out the energy transition at a pace and scale that effectively helps mitigate climate change, such initiative will set us in a deep decarbonization pathway if fully embraced by the world's largest economies and their SOEs.
The implementation of this initiative would allow NOCs and SOEs in these countries to transform themselves into No-Carbon State-Owned Enterprises that would strive for socially accountable sustainable growth, higher economic value and effective contributions in the global fight against climate change. This paper analyzes these issues and advances a proposal for the Group of the world's 20 major economies (G20).

The energy sector is the single largest source of carbon emissions, for which actions oriented to reduce its carbon intensity are critical to effectively tackle climate change. A great and yet largely untapped potential to reduce its emissions lies in oil and gas companies. Cognizant of this potential, in recent years several International Oil Companies (IOCs), publicly traded organizations with large capital access and wide geographical reach, have looked forward to effectively reduce their carbon intensity by shifting their operations to non-core low-carbon energy development. The IOCs have embraced this transition to leverage the business opportunities presented by political and social environments progressively more accountable of the energy sector's contributions to climate change. Owing to the potential of this transition to produce positive climate outcomes, it has sparked great interest in an increasing number of stakeholders; nevertheless, National Oil Companies (NOCs) and other state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the energy sector are still notoriously absent. SOEs not only dominate the global oil and gas industry over IOCs, but they typically enjoy more favorable industry conditions, as they benefit from improved capital access and governmental support, as their overall value proposition, business strategies and budgets are interlinked with, or heavily influenced by governmental policies. Under a mutable business environment which favors the development of energy resources with low or zero carbon content, it is reasonable to anticipate that national governments will become more determined to join the energy transition through their SOEs based on two main reasons: meeting their national targets under global emissions reductions commitments while sustaining shareholder value. Given the complex efforts and resources in carrying out the energy transition at a pace and scale that effectively helps mitigate climate change, such initiative will set us in a deep decarbonization pathway if fully embraced by the world's largest economies and their SOEs. The implementation of this initiative would allow NOCs and SOEs in these countries to transform themselves into No-Carbon State-Owned Enterprises that would strive for socially accountable sustainable growth, higher economic value and effective contributions in the global fight against climate change. This paper analyzes these issues and advances a proposal for the Group of the world's 20 major economies (G20).

En México, la gobernanza de las metrópolis se ha dirigido a promover procesos de reforma y cambio institucional, donde los diferentes sectores de la sociedad buscan relacionarse con el propósito de controlar y regular el funcionamiento del entorno urbano, a fin de obtener una responsabilidad común que resuelva problemas con métodos de coordinación intergubernamental. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los componentes de gobernanza metropolitana que existen en México, destacando sus características principales y la forma en que operan, para identificar sus alcances en el marco del desarrollo de propuestas que mejoren la estructura de colaboración existente. El caso de estudio es la Zona Metropolitana de Toluca, considerada una de las ciudades más representativas en la implementación de estrategias de gobernanza. Para el análisis, se considera la revisión de las características de conformación de la metrópoli y una exploración de su problemática urbana; estableciendo las particularidades de la gobernanza metropolitana desarrolladas. Se concluye que existe una desarticulación entre los componentes revisados; desde lo jurídico no se esclarece el ámbito de actuación de los procesos de coordinación; con respecto al marco organizacional, se perciben estructuras débiles con poca injerencia en la toma de decisiones y el entendimiento de un proceso de construcción del desarrollo metropolitano; e instrumentos de financiamiento y planeación, con insuficiente articulación de estrategias dirigidas a resolver las dificultades de la metrópoli.

In Mexico, as a result of the earthquake of 1985, several initiatives emerged in order to create a government department, the Ministry of the Interior, which takes care to technical aspects of disaster and prevention. It also exist the National Civil Protection System (SINAPROC) and the National Center for Disaster Prevention (CENAPRED). Therefore, the current legislation, the Mexican government supports the development of tools for better land management, including the municipal risk atlas, whose objective is to identify different types of risk associated with natural hazards and also against threats, implement prevention measures, vulnerability reduction and mitigation. For this reason, the "Basis for the Standardization in the Elaboration of Risks Atlas and Geographic Data Catalog to Represent the Risk 2014", made by the Secretariat of Rural, Territorial and Urban Development (SEDATU), and the municipal risk atlas of Tenancingo, State of Mexico are reviewed. ; En México, a partir del sismo de 1985, surgieron diversas iniciativas para crear una institución gubernamental que atendiera los aspectos técnicos de la prevención de desastres; fue así que surgió la Secretaría de Gobernación. Además, se cuenta con el Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil (SINAPROC), el Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED). Derivado de las legislaciones en vigor actualmente, el gobierno mexicano apoya en la elaboración de instrumentos para un mejor ordenamiento territorial, entre ellos se tiene los atlas de riesgo municipales, cuyo objetivo es identificar los distintos tipos de riesgo asociado a peligros naturales y, a su vez, implementar medidas de prevención, reducción de la vulnerabilidad y mitigación ante las amenazas. Se hace una revisión de la estructura del contenido que maneja las "Bases para la Estandarización en la Elaboración de Atlas de Riesgos y Catálogo de Datos Geográficos para Representar el Riesgo 2014", elaboradas por la Secretaría de Desarrollo Agrario, Territorial y Urbano (SEDATU). Seguido de un análisis exhaustivo del atlas de riesgo municipal de Tenancingo, Estado de México.

This thesis examines travel and the configuration of the desert within literary works by Roberto Bolaño and Juan José Saer. Travel is considered not only in literal terms but as a journey that occurs within the writing itself. The deserts where these authors set their texts - the Sonoran desert and Patagonia - have been sites through which complex questions of historical and personal identity, migration, crime and colonialism have been explored. This thesis demonstrates how the work of both authors engages with traditions of writing about travel and the desert which range from conquest and captive narratives to biblical crossings and migration. Through close readings of their fictions, and drawing from a number of critical, theoretical and philosophical frameworks, this thesis also examines how Bolaño's and Saer's texts present us with essential considerations about literature and ways of reading. The first part of the thesis deals with three novels by Juan José Saer in which travel is at stake, two of which re-enact journeys through or to the desert. An evident dialogue with history also runs throughout the thread of these novels. The second part of the thesis focuses on two novels by Roberto Bolaño that have the desert and travel at their core. Both texts mark their particular stance with regards to experiences of reading and writing in relation to notions of space and travel. Among this thesis's central research questions are: How do these authors tackle and reformulate the historical, political and biblical traditions of travel and the desert? What are the implications of their depictions of space and travel and why are they so central to their narratives? What types of reading are proposed by their works? The examination and consideration of these questions point to how Bolaño and Saer, while borrowing from traditions of both travel and the desert, transgress them, offering meaningful and ground-breaking literary works. Likewise, the analysis that results from addressing those central questions is situated in the context of current academic interests in issues of travel and space.

Cortés Conde was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on February 5, 1932. He has been married to Sara Jorge since 1955, has four children and six grandchildren. He received his law degree from the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) in 1956, and did postgraduate studies in sociology, also at the UBA, between 1960 and 1962. In our country he taught political economy at the Law School of the UBA, between 1984 and 1990, and economic history at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral, between 1963 and 1966, at the Universidad Católica Argentina, between 1981 and 1990, and at the Universidad de San Andrés since 1991 (emeritus since 2002). He has taught abroad at the universities of Chicago, Harvard, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Texas, and Yale. He is a full member of the National Academy of History and the National Academy of Economic Sciences, and between 1998 and 2002 he chaired the International Association of Economic History. His complete curriculum is available at www.udesa.edu.ar. ; Cortés Conde nació en Buenos Aires, el 5 de febrero de 1932. Desde 1955 está casado con Sara Jorge, tiene cuatro hijos y seis nietos. Se recibió de abogado en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) en 1956, realizando estudios de posgrado en sociología, también en la UBA, entre 1960 y 1962. En nuestro país enseñó economía política en la Facultad de Derecho de la UBA, entre 1984 y 1990, e historia económica en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, entre 1963 y 1966, en la Universidad Católica Argentina, entre 1981 y 1990, y en la Universidad de San Andrés desde 1991 (emérito desde 2002). En el extranjero dictó cursos en las universidades de Chicago, Harvard, Hebrea de Jerusalén, Texas, y Yale. Es académico de número de la Academia Nacional de la Historia y de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Económicas, y entre 1998 y 2002 presidió la Asociación Internacional de Historia Económica. Su curriculum completo se puede consultar en www.udesa.edu.ar.

Las rutas que ha tomado el fenómeno metropolitano en México, destacan la primacía de las ciudades de alcance regional, las cuales propagan el crecimiento económico y la urbanización de manera diferenciada. Así, la ampliación de las áreas periféricas se expresa como un mecanismo de autorregulación de las condiciones de saturación demográfica, el déficit de los servicios y la congestión urbana, lo que determina la acumulación de desventajas en términos sociales y ambientales que están más allá de la capacidad de los gobiernos municipales para superarlas, con lo que se están alejando de las posibilidades de un desarrollo urbano equilibrado. Utilizamos información documental, estadísticas y mapas para establecer el marco de referencia, el perfil nacional metropolitano y el análisis del área intermedia de las ciudades de México y Toluca. ; The routes taken by the metropolitan phenomenon in Mexico emphasize the primacy of the cities of regional scope which propagate the economic growth and urbanization in a differentiated way. Thus, the enlargement of the peripheral areas is expressed as a self-regulatory mechanism of the demographic saturation conditions, the deficit in services and urban congestion, what determines the accumulation of handicaps in social and environmental terms beyond the capacity of municipal governments to overcome them, with what the possibilities of a balanced urban development are moving away. We use documentary information, statistics and maps to establish the reference framework, the national metropolitan profile and the intermediate area analysis of Mexico City and Toluca. ; Fil: Orozco Hernández, María Estela. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ; Fil: Tapia Quevedo, Jorge. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ; Fil: Calderón Maya, Juan Roberto. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ; Fil: Sánchez, Noé Gaspar. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

The author presents a profile of Cuban moralist, Roberto Fernandez Retamar, based on a conversation between them in 2004 in which Fernandez said that in the case of official discrimination against a group, such as that against the Jews by the Germans, & more currently against homosexuals in Cuba, all should support the group by declaring themselves to be Jews or homosexuals. He also said that despite his opposition to US domestic & foreign policy, he believes that the US government "will sooner or later change for the better" because Americans citizens "have great conscience, great sense of responsibility." The conversation concludes with a discussion of Ernest Hemmingway, whom Fernandez greatly admired, as did Fidel Castro, who stated that he thought that "Hemmingway would have supported the Cuban revolution.". J. Stanton

Cortés Conde nació en Buenos Aires, el 5 de febrero de 1932. Desde 1955 está casado con Sara Jorge, tiene cuatro hijos y seis nietos. Se recibió de abogado en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) en 1956, realizando estudios de posgrado en sociología, también en la UBA, entre 1960 y 1962. En nuestro país enseñó economía política en la Facultad de Derecho de la UBA, entre 1984 y 1990, e historia económica en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, entre 1963 y 1966, en la Universidad Católica Argentina, entre 1981 y 1990, y en la Universidad de San Andrés desde 1991 (emérito desde 2002). En el extranjero dictó cursos en las universidades de Chicago, Harvard, Hebrea de Jerusalén, Texas, y Yale. Es académico de número de la Academia Nacional de la Historia y de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Económicas, y entre 1998 y 2002 presidió la Asociación Internacional de Historia Económica. Su curriculum completo se puede consultar en www.udesa.edu.ar.Palabras clave: Roberto Cortés Conde, Entrevista.Código JEL: B31