States and women's rights: the making of postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco
In the summer of 1956, when the winds of independence from French colonial rule were sweeping through Tunisia, the newly formed national state made a bold move. It reformed family law in radical ways by promulgating the Code of Personal Status, a legal code that constituted a sharp break from preexisting Islamic law. Among other changes, the Tunisian Code outlawed polygamy or the right of a man to have as many as four wives. It abolished repudiation, the unilateral right of the husband to terminate the marriage at will without court proceedings. Divorce now could take place only in court. The code also entitled women to file for divorce on the same grounds as men. It increased mothers' custody rights and expanded inheritance rights for daughters and granddaughters.