Norwegian Women's Experiences of 20th-Century Migration to England: Narratives Of Changing Gender Roles
In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research, Band 10, Heft 1, S. 18
ISSN: 1799-649X
In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research, Band 10, Heft 1, S. 18
ISSN: 1799-649X
"The Routledge Handbook of Social Care Work Around the World provides both a comprehensive and authoritative state-of-the-art review of the current research in this subject. It is the first handbook to cover social care work research from around the world, including both low- and middle-income countries as well as high income countries.Each of the 22 chapters are written by experts on long-term care services, particularly for older people and cover key issues and debates, based on research evidence, on social care work in a specific country. They look at perspectives of social care work from the macro level: the structural conditions for long-term care, including demographic challenges and the long-term care policy, the meso level: the level of provider organizations and intermediaries, and the micro level: views of care workers, care users, and unpaid informal carers. Furthermore, they discuss a number of topics central to discussions of care work including marketization, personalization policies, policy implementation under austerity, the provision of social care work whether through public services, or private arrangements, or mixed types, funding, the feminization of social care and the new role that technology, and robots can play in care work.By drawing together leading scholars from around the world, this book provides an up to the minute snapshot of current scholarship as well as signposting several fruitful avenues for future research. This book is both an invaluable resource for scholars and an indispensable teaching tool for use in the classroom and will be of interest to students, academics, social workers, social policy-makers and human service professionals."--Provided by publisher
In: Routledge international handbooks
Long-term care services in Norway : a historical sociological perspective / Karen Christensen and Kari Warness -- Revisiting the public care model : the Danish case of free choice in home care / Tine Rostgaard -- Organizational trends impacting on everyday realities : the case of Swedish eldercare / Anneli Stranz and Marta Szebehely -- Long-term care reforms in the Netherlands : care work at stake / Barbara Da Roit -- The English social care workforce : the vexed question of low wages and stress / Shereen Hussein -- The personalization and marketization of home care services for older people in England / Kate Baxter -- The development of an ambiguous care work sector in France : between professionalization and fragmentation / Blanche Le Bihan and Alis Sopadzhiyan -- Care provision inside and outside the professional care system : the case of long-term care insurance in Germany / Hildegard Theobald -- Employing migrant care workers for 24-hour care in private households in Austria : benefits and risks for the long-term care system / August Osterle -- Migrant care workers in Italian households : recent trends and future perspectives / Mirko Di Rosa, Francesco Barbabella, Arianna Poli, Sara Santini and Giovanni Lamura -- Post-socialist eldercare in the Czech Republic : institutions, families, and the market / Adéla Souralová and Eva Šlesingerová -- Imbalance between demand and supply of long-term care the case of post-communist Poland / Stanislawa Golinowska and Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta -- Long-term care in Turkey : challenges and opportunities / Sema Oglak -- The emergence of eldercare industry in China : progress and challenges / Xiying Fan, Heying Jenny Zhan and Qi Wang -- Challenges of care work under the new long-term care insurance for elderly people in South Korea / Yongho Chon -- Migrant live-in care workers in Taiwan : multiple roles, cultural functions, and the new division of care labour / Li-Fang Liang -- Has the long-term care insurance contributed to de-familialisation : familialisation and marketization of eldercare in Japan / Yayoi Saito -- Care robots in Japanese elderly care : cultural values in focus / Nobu Ishiguro -- Long-term services and supports for the elderly in the United States : a complex system of perverse incentives / Candace Howes -- Complexities, tensions, and promising practices : work in Canadian long-term residential care / Pat Armstrong and Tamara Daly -- Reforms to long-term care in Australia : a changing and challenging landscape / Jane Mears -- Facing the challenges of population longevity but not being ready : the case of Argentina / Nélida Redondo
Long-term care services in Norway : a historical sociological perspective / Karen Christensen and Kari Warness -- Revisiting the public care model : the Danish case of free choice in home care / Tine Rostgaard -- Organizational trends impacting on everyday realities : the case of Swedish eldercare / Anneli Stranz and Marta Szebehely -- Long-term care reforms in the Netherlands : care work at stake / Barbara Da Roit -- The English social care workforce : the vexed question of low wages and stress / Shereen Hussein -- The personalization and marketization of home care services for older people in England / Kate Baxter -- The development of an ambiguous care work sector in France : between professionalization and fragmentation / Blanche Le Bihan and Alis Sopadzhiyan -- Care provision inside and outside the professional care system : the case of long-term care insurance in Germany / Hildegard Theobald -- Employing migrant care workers for 24-hour care in private households in Austria : benefits and risks for the long-term care system / August Osterle -- Migrant care workers in Italian households : recent trends and future perspectives / Mirko Di Rosa, Francesco Barbabella, Arianna Poli, Sara Santini and Giovanni Lamura -- Post-socialist eldercare in the Czech Republic : institutions, families, and the market / Adéla Souralová and Eva Šlesingerová-- Imbalance between demand and supply of long-term care the case of post-communist Poland / Stanislawa Golinowska and Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta -- Long-term care in Turkey : challenges and opportunities / Sema Oglak -- The emergence of eldercare industry in China : progress and challenges / Xiying Fan, Heying Jenny Zhan and Qi Wang -- Challenges of care work under the new long-term care insurance for elderly people in South Korea / Yongho Chon -- Migrant live-in care workers in Taiwan : multiple roles, cultural functions, and the new division of care labour / Li-Fang Liang -- Has the long-term care insurance contributed to de-familialisation : familialisation and marketization of eldercare in Japan / Yayoi Saito -- Care robots in Japanese elderly care : cultural values in focus / Nobu Ishiguro -- Long-term services and supports for the elderly in the United States : a complex system of perverse incentives / Candace Howes -- Complexities, tensions, and promising practices : work in Canadian long-term residential care / Pat Armstrong and Tamara Daly -- Reforms to long-term care in Australia : a changing and challenging landscape / Jane Mears -- Facing the challenges of population longevity but not being ready : the case of Argentina / Nélida Redondo
The Routledge Handbook of Social Care Work Around the World- Front Cover -- The Routledge Handbook of Social Care Work Around the World -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of contributors -- Introduction -- About the handbook -- Care, care work, and social care -- Nordic long-term care: still the ideal model for the future? -- Northern and Western European long-term care: towards marketization and personalization, combined with professionalism variants and household migrants -- Eastern European long-term care: remaining post-communist impact? -- Between Europe and Asia: still admiring familialism? -- Asian long-term care: between marketization and the filial piety -- The North American way of approaching long-term care: through marketization and labour division -- Australia: following the model of consumer-directed long-term care -- Argentina: facing an ageing society with no state, market or civil society involvement -- The handbook: a contribution to the social sustainability discussion -- References -- PART I: Nordic countries -- Chapter 1: Long-term care services in Norway: a historical sociological perspective -- Introduction -- A historical sociological approach -- The roots of municipalization in Norway -- Expansion 1965-1980: developing a tension between medical and social orientation -- Reorganization 1980-1995: confronting traditional long-term care -- Effectivization 1995-2010: confronting the welfare idea with individualization -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: Revisiting the public care model: the Danish case of free choice in home care -- Introduction -- Methodology -- The Danish long-term care system and rationale for introducing free choice -- Popularity and take-up of free choice of provider -- Implications of the choice model for users.
Long-term care services in Norway : a historical sociological perspective / Karen Christensen and Kari Warness -- Revisiting the public care model : the Danish case of free choice in home care / Tine Rostgaard -- Organizational trends impacting on everyday realities : the case of Swedish eldercare / Anneli Stranz and Marta Szebehely -- Long-term care reforms in the Netherlands : care work at stake / Barbara Da Roit -- The English social care workforce : the vexed question of low wages and stress / Shereen Hussein -- The personalization and marketization of home care services for older people in England / Kate Baxter -- The development of an ambiguous care work sector in France : between professionalization and fragmentation / Blanche Le Bihan and Alis Sopadzhiyan -- Care provision inside and outside the professional care system : the case of long-term care insurance in Germany / Hildegard Theobald -- Employing migrant care workers for 24-hour care in private households in Austria : benefits and risks for the long-term care system / August Osterle -- Migrant care workers in Italian households : recent trends and future perspectives / Mirko Di Rosa, Francesco Barbabella, Arianna Poli, Sara Santini and Giovanni Lamura -- Post-socialist eldercare in the Czech Republic : institutions, families, and the market / Adaela Souralova and Eva Slesingerova-- Imbalance between demand and supply of long-term care the case of post-communist Poland / Stanislawa Golinowska and Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta -- Long-term care in Turkey : challenges and opportunities / Sema Oglak -- The emergence of eldercare industry in China : progress and challenges / Xiying Fan, Heying Jenny Zhan and Qi Wang -- Challenges of care work under the new long-term care insurance for elderly people in South Korea / Yongho Chon -- Migrant live-in care workers in Taiwan : multiple roles, cultural functions, and the new division of care labour / Li-Fang Liang -- Has the long-term care insurance contributed to de-familialisation : familialisation and marketization of eldercare in Japan / Yayoi Saito -- Care robots in Japanese elderly care : cultural values in focus / Nobu Ishiguro -- Long-term services and supports for the elderly in the United States : a complex system of perverse incentives / Candace Howes -- Complexities, tensions, and promising practices : work in Canadian long-term residential care / Pat Armstrong and Tamara Daly -- Reforms to long-term care in Australia : a changing and challenging landscape / Jane Mears -- Facing the challenges of population longevity but not being ready : the case of Argentina / Naelida Redondo.
"Post-war expansion of the welfare state is one of the most central changes in Norwegian society
today and is often a topic in public debate. When certain conceptions about the welfare state
are developed and they are no longer based on systematic analyses but rather ideas and attitudes,
they can turn into myths. However, to be termed myths requires documentation, and
here social research plays an important role. This book rejects and elaborates central myths in
the public debate about the welfare state. The book is structured as an anthology, written by six
welfare sociologists at the University of Bergen. The first article introduces the history of The
Myth of the Welfare State, a book published by Pax in 1970, then revised a few years later, and
with a follow-up version in 1995, 25 years after that. The book became a flaming light within
the social policy debate, because it criticized the welfare state for not solving the problem of
poverty. Although this problem, relatively seen, is reduced, the following five articles show
that, within the framework of the welfare state, there is room for new important critical discussions.
One myth focuses on the idea that a combination of a comprehensive state and an active
civil society with much voluntary work is not possible. Another concerns the idea that welfare
results in dependency. A third is about the "Elder Boom". A fourth concerns single mothers
and assumes that these unlawfully try to get access to welfare. And finally, the last discusses
the ideas that crime should result in punishment and "prison pain". Together, the articles are a
contribution to make the debate about the welfare state richer and more dynamic." - "Utbyggingen av velferdsstaten i etterkrigstiden hører til en av de mest sentrale endringer i
det norske samfunn, og er ofte et tema i den offentlige debatt. Når bestemte forestillinger om
velferdsstaten utvikles og de ikke lenger bygger på systematiske analyser, men på ideer og
holdninger, kan de bli til myter. At det er snakk om myter, må imidlertid dokumenteres, og her
spiller samfunnsforskningen en viktig rolle. Denne boken tilbakeviser og nyanserer sentrale
myter i den offentlige debatt om velferdsstaten. Boken er bygget opp som en antologi, skrevet
av seks velferdssosiologer fra Universitetet i Bergen. Den første artikkelen gir en innføring
i historien om Myten om velferdsstaten, en bok utgitt av Pax i 1970, siden revidert noen år
etter og med en oppfølger i 1995, 25 år etter. Boken ble en brannfakkel i den sosialpolitiske
debatt, fordi den kritiserte velferdsstaten for ikke å håndtere fattigdomsproblemet. Selv om
dette problemet, relativt sett, er redusert, utgjør de etterfølgende artiklene om fem aktuelle
velferdsmyter en argumentasjon for, at det, innenfor velferdsstatens rammer, er rom for nye
viktige kritiske diskusjoner. Én myte handler om at en sterk stat ikke kan forenes med et aktivt
samfunn med stor grad av frivillighet. En annen handler om at velferd skaper avhengighet. En
tredje handler om eldrebølgen. En fjerde handler om at alenemødre antas å lure til seg velferd.
Og endelig handler en siste myte om at kriminalitet må møtes med straff og 'fengselspine'.
Artiklene er samlet sett et bidrag til å gjøre debatten om velferdsstaten rikere og mer dynamisk."
The focus of this special issue is some of the main tacit policies and practices in the Norwegian welfare state. By looking at what is tacit, mute, unarticulated and neglected we will contribute to raising and presenting knowledge about the social and ethical question of dignity in welfare. This introductory article will first give a short overview of the historical background of the Norwegian welfare state and some of its current features. This will be followed by our positioning of the Norwegian welfare state as situated within complex practices, political discourses and dimensions that might be characterised as tacit, implicit or unarticulated. The article aims to discuss the concept of dignity in welfare services, at the individual and structural level, by asking 'what kind of practices and structural conditions preserve dignity and where might dignity be violated, ignored or left out?' The various articles in this special issue of the International Practice Development Journal illuminate what can be said and what is mute and tacit in different ways, and consider a range of practice-based responses. By revealing tacit dimensions in the Norwegian welfare this issue offers important insight into practices and discourses where dignity is at stake. It is a requirement of us all that we revisit dignity and its location and representation in our health systems to ensure it is not left behind as the state and other systems within it evolve. ; publishedVersion
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In: Social policy and society: SPS ; a journal of the Social Policy Association, Band 16, Heft 4, S. 635-644
ISSN: 1475-3073
An ageing population in Europe is currently putting pressure on long-term care services, creating demand for foreign workers. Using a life-course perspective, this article aims to contribute to the understanding of how life trajectories shape decisions about migration and employment in social care. Based on fifty-one life story interviews with migrant care workers in Norway and UK, two typologies are found: a Norwegian migrant life trajectory of downwards social mobility combined with settlement and a British trajectory combining stronger downwards social mobility with further migration. The article contributes to the discussion of contextualised migratory lives involving care work.
In: Journal of ethnic and migration studies: JEMS, Band 43, Heft 5/6, S. 749-765
ISSN: 1469-9451
Escalating demands for formal long-term care (LTC) result in the reliance on migrant workers in many developed countries. Within Europe, this is currently framed by progressive European immigration policies favouring inter-European mobility. Using the UK and Norway as case studies, this article has two main aims: (1) to document changes in the contribution of European Union (EU) migrants to the LTC sectors in Western Europe, and (2) to gain further understanding of migrants' decision-processes relating to destination and work choices. The UK and Norway provide examples of two European countries with different immigration histories, welfare regimes, labour market characteristics and cultural values, offering a rich comparison platform. The analysis utilizes national workforce datasets and data obtained from migrants working in the LTC sector in the UK and Norway (n = 248) and other stakeholders (n = 136). The analysis establishes a significant increase in the contribution of EU migrants (particularly from Eastern Europe) to the LTC sector in both the UK and Norway despite their different welfare regimes. The findings also highlight how migrant care workers develop rational decision-processes influenced by subjective perspectives of investments and returns within a context of wider structural migration barriers. The latter includes welfare and social care policies framing the conditions for migrants' individual actions.
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Escalating demands for formal long-term care (LTC) result in the reliance on migrant workers in many developed countries. Within Europe, this is currently framed by progressive European immigration policies favouring inter-European mobility. Using the UK and Norway as case studies, this article has two main aims: (1) to document changes in the contribution of European Union (EU) migrants to the LTC sectors in Western Europe, and (2) to gain further understanding of migrants' decision-processes relating to destination and work choices. The UK and Norway provide examples of two European countries with different immigration histories, welfare regimes, labour market characteristics and cultural values, offering a rich comparison platform. The analysis utilizes national workforce datasets and data obtained from migrants working in the LTC sector in the UK and Norway (n = 248) and other stakeholders (n = 136). The analysis establishes a significant increase in the contribution of EU migrants (particularly from Eastern Europe) to the LTC sector in both the UK and Norway despite their different welfare regimes. The findings also highlight how migrant care workers develop rational decision-processes influenced by subjective perspectives of investments and returns within a context of wider structural migration barriers. The latter includes welfare and social care policies framing the conditions for migrants' individual actions.
BASE
The focus of this special issue is some of the main tacit policies and practices in the Norwegian welfare state. By looking at what is tacit, mute, unarticulated and neglected we will contribute to raising and presenting knowledge about the social and ethical question of dignity in welfare. This introductory article will first give a short overview of the historical background of the Norwegian welfare state and some of its current features. This will be followed by our positioning of the Norwegian welfare state as situated within complex practices, political discourses and dimensions that might be characterised as tacit, implicit or unarticulated. The article aims to discuss the concept of dignity in welfare services, at the individual and structural level, by asking 'what kind of practices and structural conditions preserve dignity and where might dignity be violated, ignored or left out?'The various articles in this special issue of the International Practice Development Journal illuminate what can be said and what is mute and tacit in different ways, and consider a range of practice-based responses. By revealing tacit dimensions in the Norwegian welfare this issue offers important insight into practices and discourses where dignity is at stake. It is a requirement of us all that we revisit dignity and its location and representation in our health systems to ensure it is not left behind as the state and other systems within it evolve. ; publishedVersion
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In: Journal of ethnic and migration studies: JEMS, Band 43, Heft 5, S. 749-765
ISSN: 1469-9451
In: Christensen , K & Manthorpe , J 2016 , ' Personalised risk: new risk encounters facing migrant care workers ' , Health, Risk and Society . https://doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2016.1182628
Many long-term care systems are seeking to address problems of growing demand, increasing expense, and higher user expectations. For many of them fostering care at home and private care arrangements are attractive options. The long-term care sector in England is typical of these systems. Over the last 2 decades, government policy in England has placed stronger emphasis on people's choice and control when receiving care services. People with care and support needs may be eligible for public funds to employ care workers or to use them in other ways promote their well-being. These financial transactions are a major part of the policy of personalisation in adult social care, as confirmed by the Care Act 2014. Drawing on findings from life story interviews with 31 migrant care workers who had worked for disabled or older people in England, conducted 2011–2013, we note the potential for expanding the sociologically inspired concept 'personalised risk'. This necessitates an appreciation of risks potentially faced by the multiple parties in the care relationship and a differentiated set of structural risks. Applying a multilevel analysis we highlight the potential risks of 'informality' of employment conditions experienced by directly employed care workers, the 'emotional' content of care worker-employer relationships, and 'intimacy' of employer/employee roles. In this article, we offer an empirical based contribution to the wider discussion of risks and risk theory derived from policy changes being adopted by many developed countries that increasingly emphasise individual responsibility for personal welfare within an uncertain and mobile social world.
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