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The notion of national models of integration is a very popular one in comparative migration studies as well as in the making of integration policy. A key trait of such national models is that they assume policies to be formulated and coordinated in a strongly state-centred way, reflecting national institutional legacies, national politics and public perceptions of national identity. In this respect, the literature distinguishes, for instance, the French republican model, the British race-relations model and the Dutch multicultural model. In this chapter two such models, those of France and the Netherlands, are described, analysed and critically assessed. The conclusion is that national models of integration are an inappropriate tool for the comparative study of integration inasmuch as the objective of such research is to assess the success or failure of a national approach to integrating migrants. The notion of national models is tainted by normative (if not moral) connotations that hinder the ability of social scientists to address empirical reality.

Welfare state retrenchment and its corollary, the encouragement of 'active citizenship', are widespread phenomena in Western countries today. While public and academic debates have focused on the practical consequences of changing rules and shrinking entitlements, there has been much less attention on how citizens experience these reforms and their accompanying rhetoric. We know even less about how welfare reform impacts upon people's emotions. Such a focus, however, is important because the reform of the welfare state is about more than changing rights and duties. Reforms tell citizens what they are worth, how they are valued and judged, and how they are supposed to feel about the new arrangements.

This article examines how Dutch citizens with long-term care needs have used existing legal opportunities to respond to cuts in publicly financed care. Unexpectedly, most did not make use of their right to appeal the reduction or elimination of their previous entitlements, even when this led to marked problems in daily life. Thirty interviews with disabled and elderly persons and their care-givers revealed that specific social norms on how to feel about the cuts inhibited the lodging of appeals. Given the new policy's stated intention of preserving care for the most needy, many affected clients felt they had no right to be angry. Despite their (often objectively warranted) grievances, they did not appeal as breaking with the new moral code would trigger feelings of shame – of not being autonomous, of demanding too much when others are worse off, and of appearing ungrateful.

"The notion of citizenship has gradually evolved from being simply a legal status or practice to a deep sentiment. Belonging, or feeling at home, has become a requirement. This ground-breaking book analyzes how 'feeling rules' are developed and applied to migrants, who are increasingly expected to express feelings of attachment, belonging, connectedness and loyalty to their new country. More than this, however, it demonstrates how this culturalization of citizenship is a global trend with local variations, which develop in relation to each other. The authors pay particular attention to the intersection between sexuality, race and ethnicity, spurred on by their awareness of the dialectical construction of homosexuality, held up as representative of liberal Western values by both those in the West and by African leaders, who use such claims as proof that homosexuality is un-African."--Back cover

According to politics and the media, immigration and individualization are driving citizens apart but in neighbourhoods social life is often thriving, depending on the talents of particular citizens or the inventiveness of local institutions. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative research among hundreds of active and less active citizens, and an analysis of a vast array of newspaper articles, this book explores the crafting of citizenship, examining new forms of active citizenship and the actual conditions that hinder social cohesion.

City in Sight presents recent scholarship on the various issues facing today's Dutch metropolitan areas, including immigration and the growing diversity among the urban population, urban restructuring and neighborhood renewal, shifts in urban governance, and the promotion of active citizenship. With its wealth of information and up-to-date research, this text will appeal to scholars of urban politics and social history from all over the globe.

Huge social transformations and turbulent political events - 9/11 and the political murders of Pim Fortuyn and Theo van Gogh - have put urban issues high on the political agenda of the Netherlands. Against this background, the contributors to this volume bring the city in sight from various disciplinary perspectives and relate their research findings to both national and international debates on urban problems. In this way, City in Sight not only provides insight into the most urgent questions of contemporary cities in the Netherlands, but also how these relate to similar problems in other countries as well. - De bijdragen in deze bundel geven zicht op de stad en stedelijke verandering vanuit verschillende invalshoeken. De auteurs plaatsen hun bevindingen in de context van het Nederlandse en internationale debat over stedelijke problematiek. City in Sight laat zien wat de meest prangende kwesties zijn waar Nederlandse steden zich momenteel voor gesteld zien.

Huge social transformations and turbulent political events - 9/11 and the political murders of Pim Fortuyn and Theo van Gogh - have put urban issues high on the political agenda of the Netherlands. Against this background, the contributors to this volume bring the city in sight from various disciplinary perspectives and relate their research findings to both national and international debates on urban problems. In this way, City in Sight not only provides insight into the most urgent questions of contemporary cities in the Netherlands, but also how these relate to similar problems in other countries as well.
Table of contents:
Part I Urban Transformations and Local Settings
1 Post-Industrialization and Ethnocentrism in Contemporary Dutch Cities: The Effects of Job Opportunities and Residential Segregation / Jeroen van der Waal and Jack Burgers
2 Unraveling Neighborhood Effects: Evidence from Two European Welfare States / Sako Musterd and Fenne M. Pinkster
3 The Effects of State-Led Gentrification in the Netherlands / Peter van der Graaf and Lex Veldboer
4 Problematic Areas or Places of Fun? Ethnic Place Marketing in the Multicultural City of Rotterdam / Ilse van Liempt and Lex Veldboer

Part II Urban Citizenship and Civic Life
5 Local and Transnational Aspects of Citizenship Political Practices and Identifications of Middle-class Migrants in Rotterdam / Marianne van Bochove, Katja Rusinovic and Godfried Engbersen
6 A Little Less Conversation, a Little More Action: Real-life Expressions of Vital Citizenship in City Neighborhoods / Ted van de Wijdeven and Frank Hendriks
7 Organize Liberal, Think Conservative: Citizenship in Light Communities / Menno Hurenkamp
8 'Control over the Remote Control', or How to Handle the 'Normal' World? The Policy and Practice of Community Care for People with Psychiatric or Intellectual Disabilities / Loes Verplanke and Jan Willem Duyvendak
9 Changing Urban Networks and Gossip: Moroccan Migrant Women's Networks in the Dutch Welfare State / Marguerite van den Berg

Part III Urban Governance and Professional Politics
10 The Relationship Between Policy Governance and Front-line Governance / Pieter Tops and Casper Hartman
11 Between Ideals and Pragmatism: Practitioners Working with Immigrant Youth in Amsterdam and Berlin / Floris Vermeulen and Tim Plaggenborg
12 Explaining the Role of Civic Organizations in Neighborhood Co-production / Karien Dekker, Rene´ Torenvlied, Beate Völker and Herman Lelieveldt
13 The Amsterdam Office Space Tragedy: An Institutional Reflection on Balancing Office Space Development in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region / Leonie Janssen-Jansen and Willem Salet
The Dutch Orange and the Big Apple: A Comparative Commentary / John Mollenkopf

Introduction / Barry D. Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak, and Andr(c)♭ Krouwel -- Moral regulation and the disintegrating Canadian state / Barry D. Adam -- Gay and lesbian movements in the United States: dilemmas of identity, diversity and political strategy / Steven Epstein -- "More love and more desire": the building of a Brazilian movement / James N. Green -- Democracy and sexual difference: the lesbian and gay movement in Argentina / Stephen Brown -- The lesbian and gay movement in Britain: schisms, solidarities, and social worlds / Ken Plummer -- The Dutch lesbian and gay movement: the politics of accommodation / Judith Schuyf and Andr(c)♭ Krouwel -- Gay and lesbian activism in France: between integration and community-oriented movements / Olivier Fillieule and Jan Willem Duyvendak -- Passion for life: a history of the lesbian and gay movement in Spain / Ricardo Llamas and Fefa Vila -- Gay and lesbian movements in Eastern Europe: Romania, Hungary, and the Czech Republic / Scott Long -- Emerging visibility of gays and lesbians in Southern Africa: contrasting contexts / Mai Palmberg -- Japan: finding its way? / Wim Lunsing -- The largest street party in the world: the gay and lesbian movement in Australia / Geoffrey Woolcock and Dennis Altman -- Gay and lesbian movements beyond borders? National imprints of a worldwide movement / Barry D. Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak, and Andr(c)♭ Krouwel

In most welfare states, home care for elderly and disabled persons relies on a combination of private and public responsibilities, with gatekeepers adjudicating access to publicly funded care. Unlike other governments, the Dutch government has codified an explicit 'customary care principle' that defines the 'normal daily care that partners, parents, co-resident children or other household members are supposed to offer each other' (CIZ, 2013a) to calculate entitlements to publicly funded care. But the norms set by the Dutch government do not always mirror what citizens consider normal. Using national statistics and interviews with family care-givers, care recipients and assessors, we find that while the norm of customary care can sometimes protect citizens from taking on too much responsibility, it has an enforcing element for many others who do not agree with its norms. We discuss the implications of this coercive element for principles of equality, particularly in times of austerity.