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Life scripts and life realities: women in nineteenth-century Nijmegen
In: Historical Social Research, Band 39, Heft 1, S. 104-112
"On average, more than one fifth of the 19th century Nijmegen brides were pregnant at the date of marriage. In a society where extramarital sexuality was explicitly forbidden, and where the success of marriage restriction depended on following that rule, this finding is remarkable. Obviously, the cultural life script that allowed sexuality only within marriage was not a script all inhabitants lived up to. A remarkable secondary finding is that the protestant population had a much higher proportion of bridal pregnancies than the Roman Catholic population, although both the Protestant and the Roman Catholic clergy strongly opposed sexual activities, unless within marriage. Therefore, when bridal pregnancy among Protestant couples was twice as high as among Catholics, this points either at a stricter control by the Catholic clergy, or at more deviance among Protestant youngsters. In any case, when studying cultural life scripts on sexuality, it is always important to note that it can be countered by human agency." (author's abstract)
Death at the opposite ends of the Eurasian continent: mortality trendes in Taiwan amd the Netherlands 1850 - 1945
In: Life at the extremes 4
"Historical demographers since Malthus have characterized the West-European and Chinese demographic regimes as systems under low and high pressure, respectively. This volume examines the operation of the positive check at the two ends of the Eurasian continent by taking the Netherlands and Taiwan as representatives of the West-European and Chinese mortality regimes"--P. [4] of cover
Death at the opposite ends of the Eurasian continent: Mortality trends in Taiwan and the Netherlands
In: Life at the Extremes
Historical demographers since Malthus have characterized the West-European and Chinese demographic regimes as systems under low and high pressure, respectively. This volume examines the operation of the positive check at the two ends of the Eurasian continent by taking the Netherlands and Taiwan as representatives of the West-European and Chinese mortality regimes. Are these cases as different as the low and high pressure contrast implies? The volume opens with a cluster of chapters dealing with long term trends in mortality and the accompanying changes in causes of death (Chapters 1 through 4 ). Both Taiwan and the Netherlands witnessed steady improvements in public health, disease prevention, medical care, and living conditions in the periods described; these trends are discussed in Chapters 5 though 8. The third cluster of chapters analyzes the factors affecting maternal and infant mortality (Chapters 9 through 12). Finally, in Chapter 13, the accuracy of Taiwan's censuses and death reporting is assessed. - In dit boek beschrijven auteurs uit de VS, Nederland en Taiwan de historische ontwikkeling van de sterfte in Taiwan en Nederland. De auteurs gebruiken die twee landen als representatief voor de demografische regimes in West Europa en Azië. Volgens de beroemde econoom en demograaf Thomas Malthus is het hoge sterftecijfer in China te verklaren door een structurele overbevolking; de dood als 'positieve check' om de bevolkingsgroei af te remmen. Deze bundel tracht antwoord te geven op deze stelling . Aan bod komen de lange termijn ontwikkeling van sterfte en sterfteoorzaken. Speciale aandacht is er voor de verbetering van de gezondheidszorg in de twee landen en voor de moeder- en kindersterfte. De empirische bijdragen laten de verwachte verschillen zien, maar stuiten ook op opvallende overeenkomsten.
Two cities, one life: marriage and fertility in Lugang and Nijmegen
In: Life at the extremes v. 3
East is east and west is west? : population checks in Europe and China -- Nuptiality : one concept, two realities -- Illegitimate births and bridal pregnancy : deviations from societal rules -- Infant mortality : "the massacre of the innocents" -- Fertility : Malthusian reality or proactive behavior?
Positive or Preventive?: Reproduction in Taiwan and the Netherlands, 1850-1940
In: Life at the Extremes: The Demography of Europe and China
This book adresses an important issue in historical demography - the differences between reproduction in low pressure and high pressure demographic regimes. The existence of such differences was first noted in 1789 by Thomas Malthus when he contrasted the low pressure European regimes with the high pressure regimes found in the less civilized parts of the world, most notably China and Japan. This contrast, long taken as fundamental by historical demographers, has recently been challenged by authors who argue that it should be discarded as Malthusian mythology. The papers included here evaluate the received and revisionist views by comparing reproduction in a high pressure regime - Taiwan during the Japanese occupation - and a low pressure regime - the Netherlands in the years 1830-1920. The papers examine the impact of infant mortality, social class, ethnic identity, illegitimacy, form of marriage, and rural vs. urban settings. Reality or mythology?, that is the question.
Marriage and the family in Eurasia: perspectives on the Hajnal hypothesis
In: Life at the extremes 1
Labour Strategies of Families: A Critical Assessment of an Appealing Concept
In: International review of social history, Band 47, Heft 3, S. 453-464
ISSN: 1469-512X
Phyllis Moen and Elaine Wethington were absolutely right when they called family strategies "the intuitively appealing metaphor for family response to structural barriers". This appeal probably explains the avalanche of studies on the subject since the 1970s and especially since the 1980s. The last contribution, to my knowledge, is a collection of articles edited by Laurence Fontaine and Jurgen Schlumbohm in 2000. I will not even try to outline the vast historiography. This paper focuses on another problem. It is an attempt to show that concepts built on appealing metaphors lose much of their appeal in empirical research for the simple reason that their application tends to be more complicated than expected. In the following pages an example of such an experience is presented. Within the virtual walls of the Dutch National Research Institute for Economic and Social History, the N.W. Posthumus Institute, we have been struggling with family strategies since 1994. Now that we are about to publish the third volume on the subject, it is time to evaluate what we have accomplished.