Suchergebnisse

In this article the author examines the process of revising the Latin American vector of US foreign policy under the presidency of Donald Trump. In particular, the paper analyzes the economic and political aspects of a new US policy in the Latin American region. The main focus of the research is on the reorganization of US economic relations with the countries of the region and cancellation of various financial aid programs and multilateral agreements, including the North American Free Trade Agreement. The main hypothesis of the paper is that US foreign policy under the 45th president underwent a profound change towards diminishing the role of the Latin American region among other foreign policy priorities of the United States. Vivid confrontation with China and the Russian Federation became the center of the contemporary foreign policy course of Washington, making relations with Latin American countries of secondary importance. This shift created a certain power vacuum in the region and opened additional opportunities for extraregional players. China could arguably become one of such players as it is known to have utilized Washington's weakening grip on the region to its own economic and political benefit, expanding the "One belt, one road" initiative.

In this article, the author raises the question of using wargames as a method of research in international relations. The paper analyzes the extensive historiographic base devoted to the issue of adapting classic military-historical simulation games to other fields of science, including international studies. The author thoroughly analyzes the experience of the Western academic community in applying wargames to obtain empirical data in researches on various topics and issues. The paper describes the main characteristics of wargames as a research methodology, mentions primary advantages and potential disadvantages while providing extensive examples of both. The author concludes that wargame is a valuable research tool, which allows the study of a wide range of topics, including those where the use of other research methods is impossible or limited. One of the bottom-lines of the article is that wargames can be considered both a qualitative and a quantative method of research, which makes imitational modeling a potential answer in the ongoing argument on the methodology more suitable for social sciences and international relations in particular. The author also pays special attention to the applicability of wargames to the subject sphere of international relations and touches upon the issue of the future of this mechanism in scientific research, taking into account the existing global trends. In particular, the author speaks of the objective need to develop unified mechanisms for the implementation of wargames in the digital environment, which would solve many potential issues and risks affecting the validity of the obtained results, and, in general, would simplify the use of wargames for scientific purposes. One of the important conclusions that are drawn in the paper is the objective need to digitalize existing wargames, which would allow to avoid existing complications of organizational nature, make wargaming more accessible and applicable to various types of research in the international relations studies.

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Analyse kulinarischer (Geschlechter-)Mythen des Alltags. In Bezug auf die Verwobenheit von Diskursen, die sich rund um die Themenbereiche von Essen und Geschlecht bilden, bietet die Populär- und Alltagskultur einen Fundus an Materialien, die im Hinblick auf die Un/Beweglichkeit von Geschlechterarrangements im Feld des Kulinarischen untersucht werden. Mittels eines diskursanalytischen Zugangs, der sich an der Kritischen Diskursanalyse nach Siegfried Jäger orientiert, wird aufgezeigt, wie Geschlechterglaubensvorstellungen trotz Verschiebungen in Bereichen des Kulinarischen nach wie vor persistent sind. Dabei changiert dieser Beitrag zwischen historischen und gegenwärtigen Bezügen. Mit der Formel "Staging Gender while Doing Culinary" wird ein Analysetool angeboten, mit dem Verschiebungstendenzen der symbolisch-kulinarischen Geschlechterordnung untersucht werden können.

The article deals with the so-called internal colonization as one of the ways of the genesis of perioikic settlements from the point of view of the formation of the perioikia as a specific form of dependency in ancient Sparta. The three ўрпйкЯбй, or colonies, which were founded by the Spartans in Laconia and were in the classical period supposed by the ancient tradition to have the status of perioikoi, are analyzed in detail: Lepreon, Cythera and Gerontrae. It is especially noticed that in all three cases the main and prevailing part of settlers belonged to the dependent population. So, in the case of Lepreon, those were the freed helots, whereas in case of Cythera and Gerontrae, apparently, the perioikoi.The predominant participation in the internal colonization of the dependent categories of the population and, above all, the perioikoi, is confirmed, as it seems, by the social composition of the colonists who took part in the founding of the Spartan colonies outside the borders of Laconia itself. Thus, the Spartan perioikoi definitely participated in the foundation of Heraclea Trachinia in 426 BC. e. and, most likely, in colonial expeditions to Libya and Sicily led by prince Dorieus at the end of VI century BC., whereas the Spartiates in both cases acted as the oikistes only and were very few in numbers. As for the foundation of Taras, the most famous Spartan colony outside the Greece proper, here also the bulk (if not all) of the colonists did not belong to the Spartan citizenry. Therefore, it is concluded that the so-called internal colonization could not be an archetype, the original way of genesis of perioikic settlements and, accordingly, the Spartan perioikia as a specific form of dependency. Rather, it represented a socio-political imitation of the primary way of the genesis of perioikic dependency the forcible appropriation by the Spartiate community of the territory as a result of military expansion. ; В статье рассматривается так называемая внутренняя колонизация как один из путей возникновения периэкских поселений с точки зрения становления периэкии как специфической формы зависимости в древней Спарте. Детальным образом анализируются три сохранившихся в античной традиции случая выведения спартанцами в Лаконии ўрпйкЯбй или колоний, которые в классическую эпоху так или иначе должны были иметь статус периэков: Лепреон, Кифера и Геронтры. Особо отмечается, что во всех трех случаях основную и преобладающую массу переселенцев составляло зависимое население. Так, в случае Лепреона таковыми являлись отпущенные на волю илоты, а в случае Киферы и Геронтр по всей видимости, периэки. Преобладающее участие во внутренней колонизации зависимых категорий населения, и прежде всего периэков, подтверждается, как кажется, социальным составом колонистов, принимавшим участие в основании спартанских колоний вне границ собственно Лаконии. Так, спартанские периэки определенно участвовали в основании Гераклеи Трахинской в 426 г. до н. э. и, с большой долей вероятности, в колониальных экспедициях в Ливию и Сицилию царевича Дориея в конце VI в. до н. э. Собственно же спартиаты и в том и в другом случае выступали лишь в роли ойкистов, причем число их было крайне незначительно. Что же касается основания Тарента, наиболее известной спартанской колонии за пределами собственно Греции, то и здесь основная масса колонистов не являлась спартанскими гражданами. Отсюда делается вывод, что так называемая внутренняя колонизация не могла являться архетипом, изначальным способом возникновения периэкских поселений и, соответственно, спартанской периэкии как специфической формы зависимости. Скорее, она представляла собою своего рода социально-политическую имитацию того основного пути возникновения периэкской зависимости, каковым являлось насильственное присвоение общиной спартиатов территории вследствие военной экспансии.

This article covers the issue of the complex autonomous right, i.e. the right to local self-government and guaranty of its implementation. For the purposes of this paper the authors studied various theoretical approaches, legal and regulatory issues, practices of implementing the rights in the Russian Federation. It was founded that the right to local self-government is a complex and interconnected structure with several essential components (legal rights): right of a local community (population) for local self-governance, individual citizens' rights, the members of this community, to participate in realizing self-governance and rights of the local authorities to exercise public power (local self-governance). In the result of this research the authors gave general definition and disclosed the content of the following terms: "citizen's right to self-government", and "citizen's right to participate in realizing self-governance". Constitutional right to self-government is just an integral part, a link in the system of rights and freedoms; due to this, we can consider this right as the unity with other rights. The guaranty of implementation of the right to self-government on the one hand gave better understanding of the problems of legislation concerning self-government and its improvement; on the other hand it helps to evaluate the conditions under which the citizens and municipal authorities carry out their activity. State and municipal guarantees are the part of the entire mechanism of implementation of the citizens' right on self-government. They objectively exist and fulfil an important function protecting the rights of the population for self-government. ; peer-reviewed