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Corporate boards are since years dominated by male members. However, given the rising risks and lesson learned from monopoly corporate boards and also lack of talents due to aging society, how to get more female talents on the board is becoming an important part of corporate strategies of all industry. Among all kinds of methods, legislative gender quotas introduced firstly by Norway has been adopted by several European countries. Despite arguments, Germany has joined this gender quota camp at corporate board level from 2016. This paper intends to unfold the gender quota decision of Germany and illustrate the possible outlook of board gender quota in Germany through Europe-wide comparative analysis in selected countries.

Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die chinesische Revolution beendeten die über Jahrzehnte gewachsene deutsche kulturelle und wirtschaftliche Präsenz auf dem chinesischen Festland. Dennoch ist die Volksrepublik China (VR China) zurzeit einer der größten Handelspartner Deutschlands. Das Buch fasst die Entwicklung der Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen der VR China und der BRD von 1949 bis zur chinesischen Reform- und Öffnungspolitik 1978 zusammen, letztere gilt als weiterer Wendepunkt für die Wirtschaftsbeziehungen. Anhand der Rollentheorie der internationalen Politik wird erklärt, wie sich die politischen und wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Ländern gegenseitig beeinflussten und welche Versuche es vonseiten deutscher Unternehmen schon vor der Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen gab, Einfluss auf die Außenpolitik der Bundesrepublik gegenüber der VR China zu nehmen. Folgende Fragestellungen stehn im Fokus dieses Bandes: Welche Chancen und Risiken sahen westdeutsche Unternehmen im Zusammenhang mit einem Engagement in der VR China? Welche Strategien und Aktivitäten verfolgten sie auf dem chinesischen Markt? Welche Faktoren waren entscheidend für die Wiederaufnahme sowie die Entwicklung der Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen den beiden Ländern?

Abstract
Over two decades from 1949 until the resumption of the diplomatic relations between these two countries in 1972, West German companies never gave up on the Chinese market despite substantial difficulties caused by Cold War frictions. This paper exams the payment transactions and terms of credits for financing industrial projects between the PRC and West German companies.

The three main routes for NZ to transition to open access are identified as author self-archiving, the article publication charge (APC) model, or transformative agreement. The preprint initiative can effectively complement the above three approaches by making early versions of journal papers publicly accessible. The author self-archiving model requires little extra cost and can make a huge difference to the accessibility of accepted manuscripts. US$2,000,000+ needs to be set aside by NZ funders to publish all papers via the APC route, based on a rough estimate. Council for New Zealand University Libraries (CONZUL) could seek to reach cost-neutral transformative agreements with publishers by re-purposing their current subscription expenditure. An explicit national-level open access policy is expected to be made by NZ government and funders. We need a NZ solution instead of simply replicating others.

A game‐theoretic model is developed where an infrastructure of N targets is protected against terrorism threats. An original threat score is determined by the terrorist's threat against each target and the government's inherent protection level and original protection. The final threat score is impacted by the government's additional protection. We investigate and verify the effectiveness of countermeasures using empirical data and two methods. The first is to estimate the model's parameter values to minimize the sum of the squared differences between the government's additional resource investment predicted by the model and the empirical data. The second is to develop a multivariate regression model where the final threat score varies approximately linearly relative to the original threat score, sectors, and threat scenarios, and depends nonlinearly on the additional resource investment. The model and method are offered as tools, and as a way of thinking, to determine optimal resource investments across vulnerable targets subject to terrorism threats.

Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die chinesische Revolution beendeten die über Jahrzehnte gewachsene deutsche kulturelle und wirtschaftliche Präsenz auf dem chinesischen Festland. Dennoch ist die Volksrepublik China (VR China) zurzeit einer der größten Handelspartner Deutschlands. Das Buch fasst die Entwicklung der Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen der VR China und der BRD von 1949 bis zur chinesischen Reform- und Öffnungspolitik 1978 zusammen, letztere gilt als weiterer Wendepunkt für die Wirtschaftsbeziehungen. Anhand der Rollentheorie der internationalen Politik wird erklärt, wie sich die politischen und wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Ländern gegenseitig beeinflussten und welche Versuche es vonseiten deutscher Unternehmen schon vor der Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen gab, Einfluss auf die Außenpolitik der Bundesrepublik gegenüber der VR China zu nehmen. Folgende Fragestellungen stehn im Fokus dieses Bandes: Welche Chancen und Risiken sahen westdeutsche Unternehmen im Zusammenhang mit einem Engagement in der VR China? Welche Strategien und Aktivitäten verfolgten sie auf dem chinesischen Markt? Welche Faktoren waren entscheidend für die Wiederaufnahme sowie die Entwicklung der Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen den beiden Ländern?

Our aim was to investigate the cognitive neural basis, the behavioral characteristics, and the cognitive process of decision making with a group of 30 healthy Chinese adults. Two conditions with tasks drawn from prospect theory allowed us to examine how different risky decisions and
related behaviors activate specific brain regions. Participants completed 2 decision tasks in which the amount of possible monetary gain and loss differed. Event-related potentials recorded for analysis during these tasks involved the N2 and P3 components. Participants' behaviors showed risk
aversion in the monetary gain condition and risk seeking in the loss condition. Reaction time for risk-seeking decisions in a loss condition was significantly slower than for the same decision in a gain condition. The reactions to uncertainty shared a general neural network, but reactions
were activated with different intensities in certain brain regions.

From product maintenance and service point of view, high-value sophisticated computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools in modern manufacturing factories play important roles: they are manufacturing equipment, and on the other hand, they are also products supplied by equipment manufacturers. There is a trend that manufacturers are extending their responsibilities to the products use phase to meet customers' requirements for lifetime support and service. To ensure the effective performance and efficient maintenance of high-value machine tools, information and knowledge from their lifecycle should be collected and reused. However, in the research area of product service systems and related computerised maintenance systems, there is a lack of research work on how to integrate knowledge from different stakeholders into the maintenance and service planning process, which is important for modern digital manufacturing systems to reduce machine tools' downtime and improve their working performance. This project proposed a collaborative maintenance planning framework to connect different stakeholders and integrate their knowledge into the maintenance and service process. The potential of advanced content management systems (CMSs), which are widely used non-engineering sectors such as finance, business, publishing and government organisations, has been explored and tested for applications in the manufacturing engineering domain. The research realised that CMSs have several advantages compared with traditional engineering information systems, especially in managing dynamic and unstructured knowledge. A prototype maintenance and service planning system has been developed and evaluated using a real CNC machine tool.