Suchergebnisse

Based on China's inter-provincial panel data from 1999–2009, this paper has tested the impact and extent of marketization, government governance, and legal environment of sustainable economic development by controlling physical capital, human capital and productivity, so as to find the institutional reality for the difference in China's economic development and another explanation for it. It turns out that marketization, government governance, and legal environment play significant roles in promoting sustainable economic development. Further tests show that the results of Eastern China are consistent with China's inter-provincial results ; while in Western China, the promotion effect of marketization, government governance, and legal environment on sustainable economic development is not significant.

Intro -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- I.1 Selection of research topic -- I.2 Literature review -- Research on minban teachers -- Research on educational policy -- Research on the educational policy process -- Sociological research on educational policy -- Research on individual behavior strategies in rural society -- I.3 Research subject -- The definition of minban teacher -- Evolution of policy on minban teachers -- I.4 Research methodology and method -- Methodology: Historical anthropology -- Research method: Ethnography -- Techniques for acquiring data from oral histories and historical documents -- I.5 Structure -- I.6 Stylistic rules -- Notes -- 1. Society and education in M County -- 1.1 The social development -- 1.2 Changes in education -- 1.3 Minban teachers -- Notes -- 2. Appointment and dismissal of "appointed minban teachers -- 2.1 Selection of minban teachers -- Who selected? -- Selected whom? -- The basis for selection -- 2.2 Dismissal of minban teachers -- 2.3 Regaining minban teacher status -- 2.4 Appointment and dismissal of minban teachers influenced by renqing and politics -- Notes -- 3. Comprehensive assessments -- 3.2 Assessment of professional competence -- 3.3 General subject examinations -- 3.4 Result of the first assessment -- 3.5 The second assessment and the result -- 3.6 Nationalization of minban teachers and improvement of management -- Notes -- 4. Examination-based recruitment of contract minban teachers -- 4.1 Background of the examination-based recruitment of contract minban teachers -- 4.2 Organization for the examination-based recruitment of contract minban teachers -- Qualification requirements -- Examination-based recruitment process.

El concepto de dignidad humana ha sido considerado o demasiado denso o demasiado delgado. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista del no-positivismo, la normatividad jurídica de la dignidad humana puede ser justificada y reforzada por medio de su corrección moral. Desde una perspectiva individual, la comprensión de Mencio sobre la dignidad humana como un valor intrínseco y el imperativo categórico de Kant (el ser humano como un fin en sí mismo) podrían ser adecuadamente comprendidos con base en la diferencia (así como la conexión) entre el principium diiudicationis y el principium executionis, entre voluntad y "elección"; así como entre homo phaenomenon y homo noumenon (es decir, humanidad en la persona de los seres humanos). Desde una perspectiva social, las dimensiones del individuo y la persona social son construcciones ficticias; inclusive Radbruch -alguna vez defensor del derecho social- no remplazó el concepto de "persona jurídica" y, en el periodo de posguerra, reconoció la dignidad humana individual como el criterio para aplicar su famosa "fórmula de Radbruch". Por una parte, la dignidad humana muestra cuando menos un carácter normativo débil, el cual requiere, primero, ponderar entre el ejercicio de los poderes estatales y el control de constitucionalidad bajo la guía de la dimensión dual del ser humano y, segundo, la optimización del principio de la dignidad humana en casos particulares. Por otra, a través de la conexión necesaria entre el concepto de dignidad y personalidad, la dignidad humana puede exhibir un carácter normativo fuerte, el cual requiere inevitablemente una justificación metafísica.

AbstractIn this study based on evolutionary game theory and data on conditions in China, we determine the main factors affecting business entrepreneurship and innovation entrepreneurship. We consider internal and external perspectives regarding entrepreneurship–institutional quality and foreign direct investment (FDI). Accordingly, we find that institutional quality has a positive effect on nurturing entrepreneurship, especially business entrepreneurship, and FDI does not effectively stimulate entrepreneurship, particularly innovation entrepreneurship. With regard to spatial heterogeneity, in different regions, institutional quality and FDI have diverse effects on fostering entrepreneurship. According to the trend analysis, we find that the relationship between FDI and entrepreneurship takes an inverted‐U shape, in contrast to the relationship between most types of institutional quality and entrepreneurship. When FDI and institutional quality jointly cultivate entrepreneurship, the interaction between them is not effective. Moreover, we find that institutional quality affects entrepreneurship mostly through the channels of economic growth, the scale of the home market, and industrial upgrading. By contrast, FDI does not effectively affect these channels to further foster entrepreneurship. These conclusions not only enrich the literature on entrepreneurship but also offer insights into how entrepreneurship can be stimulated in China and the rest of the world.

Purpose: As an important measure to alleviate long-term care (LTC) costs for the disabled due to the aging of the population, long-term care insurance (LTCI) system has been paid more attention in China. In addition to the government-led public LTCI system that has been piloted in cities such as Qingdao, Chongqing and Shanghai, health insurers such as the China Life Insurance Company are also experimenting with various types of commercial LTCI in the private market. However, the commercial LTCI market is developing very slowly due to public awareness and other reasons. On the other hand, COVID-2019 has had an impact on the cognition of the importance of long-term care for the elderly due to the fact that the death cases of COVID-2019 have been mainly concentrated in the elderly population with chronic diseases such as hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the differences in the purchase intention of commercial LTCI among the elderly in two different periods: before and after the outbreak of COVID-2019. Methods: By using the Andersen behavioral model and two investigations in two different periods before and after the outbreak of COVID-2019, this study explores the impacts of COVID-2019 on the purchase intention of commercial LTCI. Results: Some significant discoveries were found. For example, 25.8% of interviewees showed purchase intention in LTCI in the time before the COVID-2019 outbreak, while this proportion increased to 37.6% after the COVID-2019 outbreak. People who were younger (OR = 2.128, before COVID-2019 ; OR = 1.875, after COVID-2019) or who had more education (OR = 1.502, before COVID-2019 ; OR = 2.218, after COVID-2019) were more interested in commercial LTCI. Conclusion: This study shows that COVID-2019 has had an obvious impact on the purchase intention of commercial LTCI, which provides some enlightenment for China to improve the LTCI system in the future, especially to accelerate the development of commercial LTCI. For example, it is essential to promote the importance of long-term care among the elderly in a focused and targeted way. In terms of the key target audience, it can be developed gradually from the groups with higher education levels and the middle elderly aged 45–64 years old.

This study argues that the degree of linguistic abstraction in negative reviews can lead to varying levels of persuasiveness and that tailoring response strategies and voice according to the situation mitigates the impact of negative reviews. This study examines the impact of language abstraction in negative online reviews on potential customers' attitudes and purchase intention, as well as the moderating effects of managerial responses, response strategies, and response voices on the persuasiveness of negative reviews. The data were collected through three studies that focused on reviews and managerial responses across both the service and functional product categories. The mediation analysis showed that, compared to abstract negative reviews, concrete negative reviews could significantly enhance potential customers' attribution of responsibility toward service or product providers and their perception of stability and controllability of negative events, leading to a more negative perception of the company, but not lower purchase intention. Additionally, the moderation analysis showed that corporate responses could significantly reduce potential customers' attribution of responsibility to the disputing company and improve their evaluation. Accommodative responses to concrete negative reviews and defensive responses to abstract negative reviews induced potential customers to make favorable judgments about the firm.