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Mit einem Vorwort von Thomas Hoebel, Laura Wolters und Stefan Malthaner Mit einer Einführung von Martha Finnemore Mit einem Nachwort von Elisabeth Jean Wood Warum stellen einige politische Gewalttäter ihre Taten öffentlich und spektakulär zur Schau? Lee Ann Fujii geht dieser Frage anhand von drei extremen Gewaltereignissen nach: der Ermordung einer Tutsi-Familie während des Völkermords in Ruanda, der Hinrichtung muslimischer Männer in einem serbisch kontrollierten Dorf in Bosnien während der Balkankriege und des Lynchmords an einem schwarzen Landarbeiter an der Ostküste von Maryland im Jahr 1933. Fujii zeigt mit diesen Beispielen, dass es bei demonstrativer Gewalt immer auch darum geht, Einfluss auf die Umstehenden, auf Nachbarschaften oder gar ganze Bevölkerungen zu gewinnen. Das Zuschauen und die Teilnahme an diesen Gewaltspektakeln verändern die Beteiligten mitunter tiefgreifend und stärken politische Identitäten, soziale Hierarchien und Machtstrukturen. Solche öffentlichen Gewalttaten zwingen die Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft auch dazu, sich für eine Seite zu entscheiden: offen die Ziele der Gewalt zu unterstützen oder zu riskieren, selbst Opfer zu werden. In ihrem letzten Buch zeichnet Lee Ann Fujii nach, wie Gewalt zur Schau gestellt wird, analysiert Konsequenzen und zeigt, wie die Täter die Fragilität sozialer Bindungen für ihre eigenen Zwecke nutzen.
In: Revue internationale des sciences administratives: revue d'administration publique comparée, Band 87, Heft 4, S. 745-749
ISSN: 0303-965X
In: International review of administrative sciences: an international journal of comparative public administration, Band 87, Heft 4, S. 831-835
ISSN: 1461-7226
In: International organization, Band 75, Heft 2, S. iii-iv
ISSN: 1531-5088
In: Finnemore, M. and Jurkovich, M. (2020). The Politics of Aspiration. International Studies Quarterly, 64(4): 759–769. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa052
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In: International studies quarterly: the journal of the International Studies Association, Band 64, Heft 4, S. 759-769
ISSN: 1468-2478
Aspiration is an essential component of politics. It articulates goals, affirms identities and values, and structures action at all levels of social life. Yet political scientists have spent little time theorizing aspiration—what it is, how it relates to other concepts, and the kinds of effects it creates. In this article, we develop the concept theoretically and argue that aspiration creates a distinct "aspirational politics" that differs from our international relations models of both norm-driven social activism and interest-driven rational choice. We identify three core features of aspiration that undergird its theoretical utility: lofty goals, change over time, and transformation through imagination. In the hands of skilled political actors, aspiration does essential work in both facilitating agreement and mobilizing social action that create change in the world. However, aspiration also has a dark side and can be manipulated to dodge accountability, postpone action, and serve private, rather than public, goals.
World Affairs Online
In: European journal of international law, Band 31, Heft 3, S. 969-1003
ISSN: 1464-3596
Abstract
Accusations of bad state behaviour in cyberspace are proliferating, yet this increase in naming has not obviously produced much shame. Accused states uniformly deny the accusation or decline to comment, without changing behaviour. For international lawyers, the problem is compounded by the absence of international law in these charges. States are not invoking international law when they complain of other states' behaviour, suggesting the law is weak – or worse, irrelevant – in holding states accountable for their cyber operations. In lieu of 'naming and shaming', we introduce and examine the broader concept of 'accusation' as a social, political and legal practice with diverse uses in cyberspace and beyond. Accusers must make strategic choices about how they frame their accusations, and we unpack various elements accusers may manipulate to their advantage. Accusations also have many purposes. They may seek to 'name and shame' an accused into conforming to certain behavioural expectations, but they may also aim at defensive or deterrent effects on both the accused and, crucially, on third parties. Particularly important, accusations may play a constitutive role, constructing new norms, including customary international law, within the international community. In short, accusations offer states and other stakeholders a menu of strategic options beyond those identified by the extant literature on naming and shaming.
In: European Journal of International Law (forthcoming 2020)
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In: Ethics & international affairs, Band 32, Heft 4, S. 457-462
ISSN: 1747-7093
AbstractThis essay steps back from the more detailed regulatory discussions in other contributions to this roundtable on "Competing Visions for Cyberspace" and highlights three broad issues that raise ethical concerns about our activity online. First, the commodification of people—their identities, their data, their privacy—that lies at the heart of business models of many of the largest information and communication technologies companies risks instrumentalizing human beings. Second, concentrations of wealth and market power online may be contributing to economic inequalities and other forms of domination. Third, long-standing tensions between the security of states and the human security of people in those states have not been at all resolved online and deserve attention.
In: Ethics & international affairs, Band 32, Heft 4, S. 407-462
ISSN: 1747-7093
World Affairs Online
In: Cornell Studies in Political Economy
National Interests in International Society -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Defining State Interests -- 2. Norms and State Structure: UNESCO and the Creation of State Science Bureaucracies -- 3. Norms and War: The International Red Cross and the Geneva Conventions -- 4. Norms and Development: The World Bank and Poverty -- 5. Politics in International Society -- Index
In: International Politics and Institutions in Time, S. 144-164
In: 110 American Journal of International Law (Forthcoming)
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