The reported dataset addresses potential correlates and predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 pandemic. Different psychological constructs (self-esteem, Dark Triad personality traits, collective narcissism, political attitude, individualism/collectivism), social status, and socio-demographic variables were assessed. Data from 746 participants from all parts of Germany who study part-time while working were collected between May 26 to July 5, 2020. We used a cross-sectional online survey comprising a total of 98 items. Preliminary analysis revealed sound psychometric properties of the measures. These data provide several opportunities for further use and can be utilized for research and educational purposes. For example, comparisons can be drawn between existing research on conspiracy theories to determine whether known factors determining beliefs in conspiracy theories are also relevant for COVID-19. All data and additional materials (e.g., codebook of all items, R code) are available at https://osf.io/p6q7w/.
25 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas ; Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele. ; This work was funded by a grant (EADB) from the EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research. INSERM UMR1167 is also funded by the INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine and French government's LABEX DISTALZ program (development of innovative strategies for a transdisciplinary approach to AD). Full consortium acknowledgements and funding are in the Supplementary Not ; Peer reviewed
(.) Funding by the Spanish Ministry of Science is acknowledged, grants MAT2017-82970-C2-1-R, MAT2017-82970-C2-2-R and MAT2018-102627-T, and by Aragón Government (Construyendo Europa desde Aragón), grant E13_20R including European Social Fund. J.P.-N. acknowledges MINECO funding BES-2015-072950. (.)
Chirality plays a major role in nature, from particle physics to DNA, and its control is much sought-after due to the scientific and technological opportunities it unlocks. For magnetic materials, chiral interactions between spins promote the formation of sophisticated swirling magnetic states such as skyrmions, with rich topological properties and great potential for future technologies. Currently, chiral magnetism requires either a restricted group of natural materials or synthetic thin-film systems that exploit interfacial effects. Here, using state-of-the-art nanofabrication and magnetic X-ray microscopy, we demonstrate the imprinting of complex chiral spin states via three-dimensional geometric effects at the nanoscale. By balancing dipolar and exchange interactions in an artificial ferromagnetic double-helix nanostructure, we create magnetic domains and domain walls with a well-defined spin chirality, determined solely by the chiral geometry. We further demonstrate the ability to create confined 3D spin textures and topological defects by locally interfacing geometries of opposite chirality. The ability to create chiral spin textures via 3D nanopatterning alone enables exquisite control over the properties and location of complex topological magnetic states, of great importance for the development of future metamaterials and devices in which chirality provides enhanced functionality. ; This work was funded by EPSRC Early Career Fellowship EP/M008517/1, the Winton Program for the Physics of Sustainability, and the EU CELINA COST action. D.S.-H. acknowledges a Girton College Pfeiffer scholarship and support from the EPSRC CDT in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. A.H.-R. and S.M.V. acknowledge funding from the EU Horizon 2020 program through Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action H2020-MSCA-IF-2016-74695. C.D. acknowledges funding from Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2018-016), Isaac Newton Trust (18-08), and a L'Oréal-UNESCO UK and Ireland Fellowship for Women in Science 2019. Funding by the Spanish Ministry of Science is acknowledged, grants MAT2017-82970-C2-1-R, MAT2017-82970-C2-2-R and MAT2018-102627-T, and by Aragon Government (Construyendo Europa desde Aragón), grant E13_20R including European Social Fund. J.P.-N. acknowledges MINECO funding BES-2015-072950. S.M.V. appreciates support from EPSRC EP/M024423/1. P.F. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231 (NEMM program MSMAG). These experiments were performed at MISTRAL beamline at ALBA Synchrotron with the collaboration of ALBA staff and CALIPSOplus (Grant 730872) funding. ; Peer reviewed
Acknowledgements: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no. 765289. *Project website: www.flowcamp-project.eu ; One of the flow battery systems which utilizes abundantly available chemicals for electrolytes, characterized by high power density, is the hydrogen-bromine flow battery. First proposed in 1969 [1], it has recently received new attention and has been undergoing development, in which numerical simulations play an important role. To date, a few papers devoted to modeling and simulation of this particular new-generation flow battery chemistry were published. In the present work, a one-dimensional (1D), steady-state, macrohomogeneous, mathematical model of a single-cell hydrogen-bromine flow battery (HBFB) is developed, described and solved. It comprises of the most relevant transport through-plane processes and electrochemical phenomena for the operation of the HBFB, namely: charge transport, water, gaseous hydrogen, proton, bromine and (tri)bromide mass transport. Furthermore, the model is enhanced with supplementary phenomena to better approximate the physics described in the simulation such as: bromine-tribromide ionic equilibria, Nernstian losses due to reactant local surface concentration variations, Donnan potential on the HBr/Br2 solution-membrane interface, and gas adsorption in the ionomer on the gaseous hydrogen side according to Henry's law. The model description emphasizes the importance of electrochemical and flux sign conventions, and the meaning of appropriate boundary conditions, which was seldom the case in the published modeling approaches. A complete set of plots of each dependent variable and the associated fluxes are provided. A system of nonlinear second-order partial differential equations describing the problem is solved using COMSOL Multiphysics software with the General PDE Form module for a better control over the actual governing equations (conservation laws) as well as auxiliary algebraic field equations. The 1D approach allows for solving the problem within seconds on a laptop-class computer and permits running multiple case studies within short time. Moreover, a parametric study is performed (Fig. 1) to examine the impact of selected parameters on the overall performance of a single cell. The validity of the model is verified based on results from a set of experiments carried out at Fraunhofer ICT (internal, multidisciplinary cooperation within the Flowcamp* project) using an isothermal single test cell.
Mangels einer beihilferechtlichen Bereichsausnahme steht das Konzept der Erbringung von Sozialdienstleistungen im Zweckbetrieb (§§ 65 ff. AO) "im europäischen Zugwind" (W. Rainer Walz). Indes kündigt sich eine Herstellung praktischer Konkordanz zwischen widerstreitenden Grundsätzen an. Das EU-Primärrecht und z.B. die Europäische Sozialcharta nehmen die "Dienste von allgemeinem Interesse" in den Blick, um "ein hohes Niveau in Bezug auf Qualität, Sicherheit und Bezahlbarkeit, Gleichbehandlung und Förderung des universellen Zugangs und der Nutzerrechte" zu gewährleisten. Das Europäische Parlament und die neuere Entscheidungspraxis der EU-Kommission würdigen die "besonderen Merkmale des Sports" und "dessen auf freiwilligem Engagement basierende Strukturen sowie dessen soziale und pädagogische Funktion" (Art. 165 AEUV). Das Gericht Erster Instanz der EU hat dies jüngst in beihilferechtlichen Entscheidungen zur mitgliedstaatlichen Sportförderung bestätigt. In Europa verfestigen sich die Ideen der Gemeinnützigkeit und des Ehrenamtes als Ausformungen der Aufgabenteilung zwischen Staat und Zivilgesellschaft. Die vorliegende Arbeit skizziert diese Entwicklung unter steuer-, verfassungs-, europa- und vereinsrechtlichen Aspekten.
Der nachstehende Artikel setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, wie sich aus deutscher juristischer Sicht die Globalisierung bislang auf die Praxis grenz-überschreitender Transaktionen ausgewirkt hat. Dies soll unter vier zentralen Aspekten untersucht werden: Wer bestimmt das anwendbare Recht bei Transaktionen mit Auslandsbezug? Wer bestimmt die internationale Zuständigkeit der Gerichte? In welcher Sprache werden die Vertragsdokumente in der Praxis verhandelt und verfasst? Welche Rechtskultur prägt die Struktur und die Formulierung dieser Vertragsdokumentation? Die Antworten auf diese Fragen werden deutlich machen, dass das Recht der grenzüberschreitenden Transaktionen nach wie vor primär national oder im Falle der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten auch supranational geprägt ist, d.h. international in der Regel nicht einheitlich geregelt ist, während Vertragssprache und Vertragskultur faktisch grundsätzlich angelsächsischen Standards entspricht. ; Topic of this publication is the impact of globalisation on the practise of cross-border transactions from a German legal perspective. The focus is on four key questions: Who determines the applicable law in case of a cross-border transaction? Who determines which courts shall have international jurisdiction? In which language will the legal documents be negotiated and drafted in practise? The culture of which jurisdiction will actually influence the structure and wording of such legal documentation? The answers to these questions will make clear that cross-border transactions are still primarily ruled by national laws or in case of the member states of the European Union also by supernational law, meaning there is generally no unified international law, while the language of such contractual documents as well as the culture influencing the legal documentation are in practise generally Anglo-Saxon standards.
Der nachstehende Artikel setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, wie sich aus deutscher juristischer Sicht die Globalisierung bislang auf die Praxis grenz-überschreitender Transaktionen ausgewirkt hat. Dies soll unter vier zentralen Aspekten untersucht werden: Wer bestimmt das anwendbare Recht bei Transaktionen mit Auslandsbezug? Wer bestimmt die internationale Zuständigkeit der Gerichte? In welcher Sprache werden die Vertragsdokumente in der Praxis verhandelt und verfasst? Welche Rechtskultur prägt die Struktur und die Formulierung dieser Vertragsdokumentation? Die Antworten auf diese Fragen werden deutlich machen, dass das Recht der grenzüberschreitenden Transaktionen nach wie vor primär national oder im Falle der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten auch supranational geprägt ist, d.h. international in der Regel nicht einheitlich geregelt ist, während Vertragssprache und Vertragskultur faktisch grundsätzlich angelsächsischen Standards entspricht. ; Topic of this publication is the impact of globalisation on the practise of cross-border transactions from a German legal perspective. The focus is on four key questions: Who determines the applicable law in case of a cross-border transaction? Who determines which courts shall have international jurisdiction? In which language will the legal documents be negotiated and drafted in practise? The culture of which jurisdiction will actually influence the structure and wording of such legal documentation? The answers to these questions will make clear that cross-border transactions are still primarily ruled by national laws or in case of the member states of the European Union also by supernational law, meaning there is generally no unified international law, while the language of such contractual documents as well as the culture influencing the legal documentation are in practise generally Anglo-Saxon standards.
BACKGROUND: The success of programs to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) depends in large part on their ability to achieve and sustain high levels of compliance with mass drug administration (MDA). This paper reports results from a comprehensive review of factors that affect compliance with MDA. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Papers published between 2000 and 2012 were considered, and 79 publications were included in the final dataset for analysis after two rounds of selection. While results varied in different settings, some common features were associated with successful programs and with compliance by individuals. Training and motivation of drug distributors is critically important, because these people directly interact with target populations, and their actions can affect MDA compliance decisions by families and individuals. Other important programmatic issues include thorough preparation of personnel, supplies, and logistics for implementation and preparation of the population for MDA. Demographic factors (age, sex, income level, and area of residence) are often associated with compliance by individuals, but compliance decisions are also affected by perceptions of the potential benefits of participation versus the risk of adverse events. Trust and information can sometimes offset fear of the unknown. While no single formula can ensure success MDA in all settings, five key ingredients were identified: engender trust, tailor programs to local conditions, take actions to minimize the impact of adverse events, promote the broader benefits of the MDA program, and directly address the issue of systematic non-compliance, which harms communities by prolonging their exposure to LF. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This review has identified factors that promote coverage and compliance with MDA for LF elimination across countries. This information may be helpful for explaining results that do not meet expectations and for developing remedies for ailing MDA programs. Our review has also identified gaps in understanding and suggested priority areas for further research.
Recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) reviews of the process for deriving Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) suggest that determining the need for a new nutrient review should be evaluated against criteria set a priori. After selecting the criterion of significant new and relevant research, a working group of US and Canadian government scientists used results from a systematic review and 2 conferences on vitamin D and health to evaluate whether significant new and relevant scientific evidence had become available since the 1997 IOM publication of the DRIs for vitamin D. This working group concluded that there appears to be new research meeting the criteria for 4 key DRI questions. The new research is of larger quantity and quality for the elderly than for other groups, but overall 1) adds to the bone-related and status evidence available to the 1997 DRI Committee for several of the life-stage groups, 2) identifies new outcomes with respect to risk of falls and performance measures in the elderly and potential adverse effects, and 3) provides additional information on dose-response relations between intakes and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and several health outcomes (ie, bone-related outcomes for all ages and risk of falls and performance measures in older adults). Members of the working group concluded that significant new and relevant research was available for reviewing the existing DRIs for vitamin D while leaving the decision of whether the new research will result in changes to the current DRIs to a future IOM-convened DRI committee.
In this paper we have undertaken a synthesis of implications from migration theory and presented some empirical evidence to argue against the formulation of purely defensive national migration policies driven by fears of mass-immigration. Although migration potential in some lower developed country is likely to grow, immigration of unskilled or semi-skilled migrants from third countries is largely demand based.
Mode of access: Internet. ; Aunque el autor es holandés, en las bibliotecas holandesas aparece su nombre en latín, porque dicen que nunca usó su nombre en holandés en sus obras. En holandés el encabezamiento sería "Junius, Adrianus de Jonghe (i.e. Jr.)", que es además como aparece en el Espasa ; Marca tipográfica en portada. ; Texto a dos columnas ; Sign.: [alfa]4, A-Z8, 2A-2P8, 2Q4. ; Texto a dos col.