A sequential decomposition of the drop in collective bargaining coverage
In: Discussion paper 15-039
In: Environmental and resource economics, environmental management
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In: Discussion paper 15-039
In: Environmental and resource economics, environmental management
In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 235,4/5
In: Themenheft
In: Discussion paper No. 15-022
In: Labour Markets, Human Resources and Social Policy
In: Discussion paper 14-026
In: Labour markets, human resources and social policy
In: Discussion paper 13-107
In: Labour markets, human resources and social policy
In: Discussion paper 12-023
In: Labour economics, human resources and social policy
This paper develops and implements a new benchmarking approach for labor market regions. Based on panel data for regions, we use nonparametric matching techniques to account for observed labor market characteristics and for spatial proximity. As the benchmark, we estimate the counterfactual distribution of labor market outcomes for a region based on outcomes of similar regions. This allows to measure both the rank (relative performance) and the absolute performance based on the actual outcome for a region. Our outcome variable of interest is the hiring rate among the unemployed. We implement different similarity measures to account for differences in labor market conditions and spatial proximity, and we choose the tuning parameters in our matching approach based on a cross-validation procedure. The results show that both observed labor market characteristics and spatial proximity are important features to successfully match regions. Specifically, the modified Zhao (2004) distance measure and geographic distance in logs work best in our applications. Our estimated performance measures remain quite stable over time.
In: ZEW Discussion Paper 12-020
In: Discussion paper 08-011
Die sogenannten HartzReformen beinhalten eine Umstrukturierung und Reorganisation der Tätigkeit der Bundesagentur für Arbeit und eine Reform von Instrumenten der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Trotz der seinerzeitigen Skepsis führender Ökonomen stellen diese Reformen einen bedeutenden Fortschritt in der Arbeitsmarktpolitik dar. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt zunächst die Arbeitsmarktentwicklung und die Arbeitsmarktprobleme in Deutschland. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt eine Analyse und Bewertung der Reform von Instrumenten der Arbeitsmarktpolitik im Rahmen der HartzReformen. Abschließend diskutiert der Beitrag einige Politikempfehlungen und weist auf wichtige ungelöste Probleme hin. Hierbei ist die Wichtigkeit der empirischen Evaluation der Wirkungen der HartzReformen zu betonen. Diese Evaluation sollte im Sinne eines dauerhaften Monitorings fortgeführt werden.
In: Zeitschrift für Arbeitsmarktforschung 41,2/3
In: Themenheft
In: ZEW-Wirtschaftsanalysen 72
In: Dresdner Beiträge zur Volkswirtschaftslehre 99,6
In: Discussion paper 99,57
In: Labour economics, human resources and social security
This paper examines critically the system of industry-level wage bargaining in Germany. More specifically, it shows that the importance of industry-level wage bargaining declines in Germany and that one major reason for this development is the highly restrictive institutional framework. However, fully decentralized wage bargaining at the firm level also exhibits some disadvantages. We compare the employment effects of industry-level and firm-level wage bargaining in a theoretical model integrating insider-outsider aspects and an exit clause in the wage contract. The exit clause effectively allows workers and firms to renegotiate the wage level in the case of a negative goods demand shock. The model yields ambiguous results with respect to the employment consequences of different wage bargaining regimes. As a consequence, we argue that industry-level wage bargaining should not be abandoned but be made more flexible instead.
The recent economic policy debate in Germany emphasizes the impact of globalization of the world economy on the German labor market. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between trade and the labor market in West Germany for the period from 1970 until German reunification in 1990. Building on the emphasis of trade theory on relative output prices as the major transmission channel of trade effects on the labor market, the empirical analysis first develops a series of empirical regularities characterizing trends in trade, total factor productivity growth, and labor markets. Then building on Learner (1996), a more structural analysis identifies empirically the qualitative effects of trade and total factor productivity growth. The analysis allows for three skill types of labor. The major empirical findings are that, relative to skilled labor, wages were increasing disproportionately both for low- and highskilled labor whereas employment trends were favoring higher skill levels monotonically. Import competition as well as total factor productivity were increasing disproportionately in those industries using low- or high-skilled labor-intensively. These results are consistent with trade effects dominating for low-skilled labor and technology effects for high-skilled labor. At the same time, the wage bargaining institutions were holding up relative wages of low-skilled labor which accounts for the disproportionate increase of unemployment for this group. The empirical analysis merges national account data for 49 industries with the "IAB-Beschaftigtenstichprobe", a 1% random sample from German social security accounts, which has become available only recently.