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This paper develops and implements a new benchmarking approach for labor market regions. Based on panel data for regions, we use nonparametric matching techniques to account for observed labor market characteristics and for spatial proximity. As the benchmark, we estimate the counterfactual distribution of labor market outcomes for a region based on outcomes of similar regions. This allows to measure both the rank (relative performance) and the absolute performance based on the actual outcome for a region. Our outcome variable of interest is the hiring rate among the unemployed. We implement different similarity measures to account for differences in labor market conditions and spatial proximity, and we choose the tuning parameters in our matching approach based on a cross-validation procedure. The results show that both observed labor market characteristics and spatial proximity are important features to successfully match regions. Specifically, the modified Zhao (2004) distance measure and geographic distance in logs work best in our applications. Our estimated performance measures remain quite stable over time.

Die sogenannten HartzReformen beinhalten eine Umstrukturierung und Reorganisation der Tätigkeit der Bundesagentur für Arbeit und eine Reform von Instrumenten der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Trotz der seinerzeitigen Skepsis führender Ökonomen stellen diese Reformen einen bedeutenden Fortschritt in der Arbeitsmarktpolitik dar. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt zunächst die Arbeitsmarktentwicklung und die Arbeitsmarktprobleme in Deutschland. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt eine Analyse und Bewertung der Reform von Instrumenten der Arbeitsmarktpolitik im Rahmen der HartzReformen. Abschließend diskutiert der Beitrag einige Politikempfehlungen und weist auf wichtige ungelöste Probleme hin. Hierbei ist die Wichtigkeit der empirischen Evaluation der Wirkungen der HartzReformen zu betonen. Diese Evaluation sollte im Sinne eines dauerhaften Monitorings fortgeführt werden.

This paper examines critically the system of industry-level wage bargaining in Germany. More specifically, it shows that the importance of industry-level wage bargaining declines in Germany and that one major reason for this development is the highly restrictive institutional framework. However, fully decentralized wage bargaining at the firm level also exhibits some disadvantages. We compare the employment effects of industry-level and firm-level wage bargaining in a theoretical model integrating insider-outsider aspects and an exit clause in the wage contract. The exit clause effectively allows workers and firms to renegotiate the wage level in the case of a negative goods demand shock. The model yields ambiguous results with respect to the employment consequences of different wage bargaining regimes. As a consequence, we argue that industry-level wage bargaining should not be abandoned but be made more flexible instead.