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Seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts hat die historisch-materialistische Gesellschaftstheorie wichtige Beiträge zur Rolle des Staates geleistet. Insbesondere seit den 1970er Jahren fragte eine Strömung, die sich zum "westlichen Marxismus" zählte: Warum nimmt politische Herrschaft in bürgerlich-kapitalistischen Gesellschaften die spezifische Form des Staates an? Wie transformiert sich der Staat historisch in enger Verbindung mit gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen?Joachim Hirsch ist ein herausragender Vertreter dieses theoretischen Ansatzes, der die Frage nach der Staatsform ins Zentrum gestellt hat. Er hat Begriffe wie "Sicherheitsstaat", "nationaler Wettbewerbsstaat" und "Internationalisierung des Staates" geprägt und die materialistische Staatstheorie mit der Hegemonietheorie Antonio Gramscis und der Regulationstheorie produktiv verknüpft. Wichtige politische Kritiken und Perspektiven verdichten sich in Hirschs Konzepten wie "radikaler Reformismus" und "soziale Infrastruktur".

Seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts hat die historisch-materialistische Gesellschaftstheorie wichtige Beiträge zur Rolle des Staates geleistet. Insbesondere seit den 1970er Jahren fragte eine Strömung, die sich zum "westlichen Marxismus" zählte: Warum nimmt politische Herrschaft in bürgerlich-kapitalistischen Gesellschaften die spezifische Form des Staates an? Wie transformiert sich der Staat historisch in enger Verbindung mit gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen?Joachim Hirsch ist ein herausragender Vertreter dieses theoretischen Ansatzes, der die Frage nach der Staatsform ins Zentrum gestellt hat. Er hat Begriffe wie "Sicherheitsstaat", "nationaler Wettbewerbsstaat" und "Internationalisierung des Staates" geprägt und die materialistische Staatstheorie mit der Hegemonietheorie Antonio Gramscis und der Regulationstheorie produktiv verknüpft. Wichtige politische Kritiken und Perspektiven verdichten sich in Hirschs Konzepten wie "radikaler Reformismus" und "soziale Infrastruktur"

The role and design of global expert organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) needs rethinking. Acknowledging that a one-size-fits-all model does not exist, we suggest a reflexive turn that implies treating the governance of expertise as a matter of political contestation. ; Science role in international environmental governance. Climate change, biodiversity and air pollution

We present options for a National Ecosystem Assessment in Germany (NEA-DE) that could inform decision-makers on the state and trends of ecosystems and ecosystem services. Characterizing a NEA-DE, we argue that its cross-sectoral, integrative approach would have the advantages of increased scientific understanding, addressing specific policy questions and creating science-policy dialogues. Challenges include objections against a utilitarian perspective, reservations concerning power relations, and responsibilities concerning the funding ; We present options for a National Ecosystem Assessment in Germany (NEA-DE) that could inform decision-makers on the state and trends of ecosystems and ecosystem services. Characterizing a NEA-DE, we argue that its cross-sectoral, integrative approach would have the advantages of increased scientific understanding, addressing specific policy questions and creating science-policy dialogues. Challenges include objections against a utilitarian perspective, reservations concerning power relations, and responsibilities concerning the funding.

This paper summarises discussions in a workshop entitled "exploring uncertainties in biodiversity science, policy and management". It draws together experiences gained by scientists and scholars when encountering and coping with different types of uncertainty in their work in the field of biodiversity protection. The discussion covers all main phases of scientific work: field work and data analysis; methodologies; setting goals for research projects, taking simultaneously into account the agency of scientists conducting the work; developing communication with policy-makers and society at large; and giving arguments for the societal relevance of the issues. The paper concludes with a plea for collaborative learning that would build upon close cooperation among specialists who have developed expertise in different fields in research, management and politics. Copyright Yrjö Haila et al.

In a cross-disciplinary project (LEGATO) combining inter- and transdisciplinary methods, we quantify the dependency of rice-dominated socio-ecological systems on ecosystem functions (ESF) and the ecosystem services (ESS) the integrated system provides. In the collaboration of a large team including geo- and bioscientists, economists, political and cultural scientists, the mutual influences of the biological, climate and soil conditions of the agricultural area and its surrounding natural landscape have been analysed. One focus was on sociocultural and economic backgrounds, another on local as well as regional land use intensity and biodiversity, and the potential impacts of future climate and land use change. LEGATO analysed characteristic elements of three service strands defined by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA): (a) provisioning services: nutrient cycling and crop production; (b) regulating services: biocontrol and pollination; and (c) cultural services: cultural identity and aesthetics. However, in line with much of the current ESS literature, what the MA called supporting services is treated as ESF within LEGATO. As a core output, LEGATO developed generally applicable principles of ecological engineering (EE), suitable for application in the context of future climate and land use change. EE is an emerging discipline, concerned with the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems and aims at developing strategies to optimise ecosystem services through exploiting natural regulation mechanisms instead of suppressing them. Along these lines LEGATO also aims to create the knowledge base for decision-making for sustainable land management and livelihoods, including the provision of the corresponding governance and management strategies, technologies and system solutions.