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Despite their rhetorical emphasis on enforcement, contemporary governments have overseen a process of formal semi-inclusion of irregular migrants. This chapter calls for a clearer conceptual distinction between sovereignty and governmentality to argue that simultaneous exclusion and inclusion does not primarily result from a gap between law in the books and law in practice, nor from external constraints imposed on the state, but rather follows from contradictory public rationalities in the realm of migration management. Those contradictions result in a messy, multidimensional, and continuous citizenship regime that cannot not be fully grasped through reified dichotomies such as formal vs informal, structure vs agency, or legal exclusion vs performative acts of inclusion, as the latter ironically rely on an overly homogenous and self-consistent picture of the modern state. We hypothesize that the structural imperatives of governmentality, which require embracing the population as it is, may account for the relative stability of forms of incorporation over time while moral and legal justifications for it come and go in a more fluctuating way. These structural concerns— public health, public education, public safety, economic and urban planning — could turn out to be of deeper long-term relevance to contemporary states than more superficial or "ideological" considerations such as human rights compliance or humanitarian compassion.

Cilj je ovoga rada razmotriti komparativno istraživanje integracijskih politika europskih gradova. Prva dva dijela daju analitički okvir za istraživanje imigrantskih integracijskih procesa i politika čija je namjera upravljati takvim procesima. U trećem se dijelu izlaže kako su se razvile lokalne integracijske politike u odnosu na nacionalne politike i integracijske politike Europske unije, posebice nakon 2003. U četvrtom i glavnom dijelu analiziraju se oblikovanje i sadržaj integracijskih politika europskih gradova promatrajući njihovu različitost u pravnoj/političkoj dimenziji, zatim u društvenoekonomskoj dimenziji – uključujući područja rada, stanovanja, obrazovanja i zdravlja – kao i kulturnoj, religijskoj i etničkoj dimenziji. Autori zaključuju da postoji strukturna konvergencija u smislu da u složenoj strukturi višerazinskog upravljanja migracijama i integracijom gradovi zauzimaju sličnu poziciju razvijanjem horizontalnih odnosa suradnje i razmjene. Gradovi koji razvijaju izrazite integracijske politike skloni su to učiniti obuhvatnijim i pragmatičnijim uobličavanjem nego nacionalne politike i politike Europske unije. Istodobno postoji velika razlika u tome što gradovi zapravo čine: oblikovanje, namjere i mjere jako se razlikuju u pravnim/političkim i kulturnim/religijskim dimenzijama, dok je u društvenoekonomskoj dimenziji ta razlika manja kada je riječ o području djelovanja, ali je veća po jakosti političke intervencije. ; This article aims to review the comparative study of integration policies of European cities. The first two sections present an analytical framework for the study of immigrants' integration processes and the policies that intend to steer such processes. The third section outlines how local integration policies have developed in relation to national policies and EU integration policies, particularly after 2003. The fourth and main section analyses the framing and content of integration policies of European cities, looking at their diversity in the legal/political dimension, the socio-economic dimension – including the domains of work, housing, education and health – and the cultural, religious and ethnic dimension. It is concluded that there is a structural convergence, in the sense that in the complex structure of multilevel governance of migration and integration, cities do take a similar position, developing horizontal relations of cooperation and exchange. Cities that develop explicit integration policies tend to do this from a more inclusive and pragmatic framing than national and EU-policies. At the same time, there is great variation in what cities actually do: in the legal/political and in the cultural/religious dimensions, framing, intentions and measures do vary greatly; in the socio-economic dimension this variation is less when it comes to the domains of activity, but more in the intensity of policy intervention.

This Working Paper provides an overview of social science literature on narratives, with a particular focus on narratives on migration (MiNa). The paper starts by tracing the emergence of the concept of narratives in a range of social sciences (sociology, anthropology, political science, psychology and media studies), and then outlines a working definition of the concept for use in the BRIDGES project. We then map key literature about the emergence and sources of narratives; their psychological, social and political functions; and the factors influencing their spread and prevalence. We go on to explore how the concept has been applied to understand the dynamics of mobility, displacement, integration, public attitudes and political mobilisation in migration studies. We examine some of the key themes of the literature in relation to gender, a key dimension of the BRIDGES project, and then set out a number of trends that might be expected to shape the content and diffusion of narratives.