Suchergebnisse

[ES] Los procesos de cambio de tecnología del riego están facilitando la penetración silenciosa de la empresa privada en los sistemas de gestión colectiva del riego en numerosos lugares de España y otros países mediterráneos. Este artículo analiza este fenómeno a partir del caso de estudio de Senyera (València), siguiendo la privatización, la disputa y la posterior recolectivización de la gestión por parte de los usuarios del riego. El trabajo muestra como la privatización menoscaba la autonomía de los agricultores y eleva los costes de gestión en un contexto de escasa transparencia. También revela la capacidad de los regantes para reelaborar su pasada acción colectiva, dando lugar a una nueva forma de autogestión creativa. ; [EN] Processes of technological change foster the silent penetration of private enterprise in collective irrigation water management in numerous areas of Spain, and in other Mediterranean countries. This paper discusses this phenomenon through a case study of the community of Senyera (València), tracking the privatization and subsequent contestation and re-takeover of water management by irrigation system users. The article shows how privatization removes users¿ autonomy and increases irrigation costs in a context of little transparency. The case also highlights users¿ capacity to re-value and re-signify their past collective action, turning it into new, creative forms of self-governance ; Sanchis Ibor, C.; Boelens, R.; García Molla, M. (2018). Cambio tecnológico, privatización y recuperación de la autogestión comunitaria del riego. El caso de Senyera (València). Cuadernos de Geografía. 101:91-106. https://doi.org/10.7203/CGUV.101.13722 ; S ; 91 ; 106 ; 101

[EN] In recent decades, water has been subjected to different commodification and de-collectivization processes. Increasingly, this is also affecting collective irrigation Water management. Critical analysis of this privatization and de-collectivization wave in the irrigation sector has mainly focused on neoliberal institutional policies and market-oriented legislation. However, subtly and silently but equally determinant, the adoption of water-saving technologies is fostering the penetration of private enterprise and market-based governance into these hydro social settings. This paper discusses this phenomenon through a case study of the community of Senyera in Valencia, Spain, tracking the privatization and subsequent contestation and re-takeover of water management by irrigation system users. The article shows how privatization removes users' autonomy in the name of common well-being, and increases irrigation costs in a context of little transparency. But the case also highlights users' capacity to re-value and re-signify, their past collective action, remembering and 're-membering to' the collective. Senyera water users critically and reflexively analyse privatization, reconstruct societal relationships around and embedded inside the new technology, and re-collectivize and re-moralize irrigation management in a new hydro social scenario. ; Support for this research has been partially provided by the project INIA RTA2014-00050-00-00 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, partially financed with ERDF funds. ; Sanchis Ibor, C.; Boelens, R.; García Molla, M. (2017). Collective irrigation reloaded. Re-collection and re-moralization of water management after privatization in Spain. Geoforum. 87:38-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.10.002 ; S ; 38 ; 47 ; 87

[EN] Climate change and increased competition for water resources are generating growing concern about how to improve water-use efficiency in agriculture. In turn, this has prompted substantial investments in the installation of water-saving technologies in irrigation systems. The first aim of this research is to use data envelopment analysis to quantify, in terms of gross water savings (GWS), the local-scale efficiency of the irrigation policies adopted in an area of Spain suffering from a structural water deficit. Second, the cross-efficiency method is used to produce a ranking of the irrigation organizations analysed, in order to identify patterns of water-use efficiency performance that can guide future lines of investment. The results reveal that water-use efficiency prior to modernization is a key determinant of the efficiency achieved in terms of GWS at local scale. However, the investments targeted at irrigation modernization often have objectives other than water savings. These and other aspects should be taken into account when allocating public funds to irrigation modernization. ; Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study has been supported by the ADAPTAMED project ((RTI2018-101483-B-I00) and by the former IMPADAPT project (CGL2013-48424-C2-1-R) with Spanish MINECO (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and European FEDER funds. ; García Molla, M.; Puertas Medina, RM.; Sanchis Ibor, C. (2021). Application of data envelopment analysis to evaluate investments in the modernization of collective management irrigation systems in Valencia (Spain). Water Resources Management. 35:5011-5027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02986-1 ; S ; 5011 ; 5027 ; 35

The aim of this study is to conduct an ex post analysis of the generalized implementation of drip irrigation in the last two decades in the Valencia Region (Spain). Due to the important role played by water users' associations (WUAs) in this socio-technological change in the region, this research was based on 77 interviews with different WUAs that provided information prior and subsequent to modernization. Firstly, we review the published studies concerning the effects generated by this technological change and describe the drip irrigation promotion policies implemented by national and regional governments. Subsequently, we analyse the consequences for irrigation associations, including effects on water use and irrigation costs. The reduction of water withdrawals has been generally significant. This was possible because the regional contextual factors prevented, in most cases, crop intensification and areal expansion. Nevertheless, due to the enormous investment effort and the resulting maintenance costs, the technological change has increased irrigation costs, generating some uncertainties concerning the financial sustainability of some WUAs. In conclusion, a thorough assessment of contextual factors and accompanying measures such as technical assistance and monitoring appear to be indispensable to avoid unforeseen effects and to achieve the potential goals of conversion to drip technologies ; This study has been supported by the IMPADAPT project (CGL2013-48424-C2-1-R) with Spanish MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) and European FEDER funds. ; Sanchis Ibor, C.; García Molla, M.; Avellá Reus, LF. (2017). Effects of drip irrigation promotion policies on water use and irrigation costs in Valencia, Spain. Water Policy. 19(1):165-180. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.025 ; S ; 165 ; 180 ; 19 ; 1

Los trabajos se publican bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional, salvo que se indique lo contrario. Esto es que se puede compartir y adaptar el material siempre que medie atribución del autor/es, del primer medio que publica y se proporcione un enlace a la licencia. Igualmente hay que indicar si se han realizado cambios. No se permite el uso del material con fines comerciales. ; [EN] During the last 30 years, regional and central administrations and farmers have done an important financial effort in order to promote irrigation modernization in the Valencia Region. This policy, a corollary of a National investment on demand management, has been materialized in an important expansion of drip irrigation techniques. The aim of this article, based on numerous interviews, is to analyze the effects of this policy on water user's associations, which have undergone significant changes in water supply, organization, irrigation efficiency and water costs in the last decades. ; [ES] Durante los últimos treinta años, las administraciones públicas y las entidades de riego han efectuado un importante esfuerzo destinado a modernizar los regadíos valencianos. Esta política hidráulica, consecuencia de la adopción de un modelo de gestión de la demanda, se ha materializado en una importante expansión del riego por goteo. El artículo analiza, a partir de diversas entrevistas, los efectos de la modernización sobre unas entidades de riego que han experimentado cambios en la eficiencia del riego, organización, usos y costos de agua. ; Sanchis Ibor, C.; García Molla, M.; Avella Reus, LF. (2016). Las políticas de implantación del riego localizado. Efectos en las entidades de riego de la Comunidad Valenciana. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles. 72:9-35. doi:10.21138/bage.2330 ; S ; 9 ; 35 ; 72

THIS ARTICLE IS DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE TERMS OF THE CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL-SHAREALIKE LICENSE WHICH PERMITS ANY NON COMMERCIAL USE, DISTRIBUTION, AND REPRODUCTION IN ANY MEDIUM, PROVIDED THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR(S) AND SOURCE ARE CREDITED. ; The aim of this paper is to analyse the policy of water resources development implemented in the semiarid watershed of the Segura river during the last century, consisting of irrigation development promotion by means of the provision of new resources. The way in which this policy was implemented generated important conflicts among users, severely damaged riverine ecosystems and, paradoxically, created new water demands, perpetuating an outdated model of management. ; Sanchis Ibor, C.; García Molla, M.; Avella Reus, LF.; Carles Genoves, J. (2011). Reaching the limits of water resources mobilisation: Irrigation development in the Segura river basin, Spain. Water Alternatives. 4(3):259-278. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/60080 ; S ; 259 ; 278 ; 4 ; 3

The modernization of the irrigation systems has been the main strategy followed by the regional administration of the Valencia Region to cope with the structural water deficit of the region, which has been particularly severe during the last three decades. These policies have been oriented to the substitution of gravity irrigation systems for drip technology. The technological change has involved an important investment effort, developed by different public administrations and also the farmers and water users associations (WUAs). This transformation, has also involved a change in the structure of costs of the WUAs. This paper analyzes the changes in costs and tariffs of irrigation after the important investments made in the modernization of irrigation. The effects of subsidies on the percentage of the cost recovery in the services of water for irrigation are also considered. All of them have developed modernization projects in the recent years. It can be concluded that conflict between two objectives proposed by the Water Framework Directive may exist. On the one hand, significant reductions of water supply are observed; meanwhile, on the other hand, the cost recovery percentage diminishes significantly. ; García Molla, M.; Ortega Reig, MV.; Sanchis Ibor, C.; Avella Reus, LF. (2014). The effects of irrigation modernization on the cost recovery of water in the Valencia Region (Spain). Water Science and Technology: Water Supply. 14(3):414-420. doi:10.2166/ws.2013.215 ; S ; 414 ; 420 ; 14 ; 3

[EN] Water policies have been implemented worldwide to face water stress. However, the existence of water users' groups with opposite interests and different political power results in the plain failure or low effectiveness of water policy reforms. A better understanding of users' perceptions regarding policy outcomes is important to avoid the failure of water policies and the intensification of water conflicts. This paper empirically examines the divergent perception of interest groups on the implementation of different policies dealing with water scarcity and their proactive involvement with water agencies. We have conducted a survey in the Jucar River Basin (a water-stressed basin in southeastern Spain) to analyze interest group opinions regarding water policy effectiveness and water institutions' performance in water management. Questionnaires were sent to the main irrigation districts and urban water utilities within the basin. The collected information gives a general picture of the behavior of opposite water interest groups in this basin. The analysis of the perceptions on water policy reform between the groups highlights the existence of significant differences between preferred measures to address water scarcity and lobbying capacity. These differences depend on the size of the group, the specific basin location, and other group characteristics. ; Esteban, E.; Dinar, A.; Albiac-Murillo, J.; Calera, A.; García Molla, M.; Avella Reus, LF. (2018). Interest group perceptions on water policy reforms: insight from a water-stressed basin. Water Policy. 20(4):794-810. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.114 ; S ; 794 ; 810 ; 20 ; 4 ; Böhmelt, T., Bernauer, T., Buhaug, H., Gleditsch, N. P., Tribaldos, T., & Wischnath, G. (2014). Demand, supply, and restraint: Determinants of domestic water conflict and cooperation. Global Environmental Change, 29, 337-348. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.11.018 ; Devlin, C., & Hendrix, C. S. (2014). Trends and triggers redux: Climate change, rainfall, and interstate conflict. ...

[ES] La mala gestión de los recursos hídricos a nivel global es un motivo para reconsiderar las actuales políticas de agua. Los tres enfoques de instrumentos de política de agua son los precios de agua, los mercados de agua, y los instrumentos institucionales basados en la cooperación. En España se utiliza el enfoque institucional basado en la cooperación, la Unión Europea promueve los precios de agua para equilibrar la oferta y la demanda del recurso, y en Australia se han implementado los mercados de agua. Este trabajo compara estos tres tipos de instrumentos de política para afrontar las sequías en la cuenca del Júcar. El análisis indica que el instrumento institucional y el instrumento de mercados de agua tienen resultados similares, lo que demuestra que el actual enfoque institucional no es inferior a los mercados de agua. Otro resultado importante es que el instrumento de precios del agua conlleva unas pérdidas enormes para los agricultores, lo que convierte a esta alternativa en políticamente inviable. Este resultado cuestiona seriamente el énfasis de la Directiva Marco del Agua en el instrumento precios del agua para el regadío. ; [EN] The mismanagement of water resources at global level calls for a reconsideration of the current water policies. The three approaches to water policy instruments are water pricing, water markets, and institutional instruments based on cooperation. The approach in Spain is institutional cooperation, whereas the European Union promotes water pricing to balance water supply and demand, and in Australia water markets have been implemented to confront water scarcity and droughts. This study compares these three types of policy instruments to address drought in the Jucar Basin. The analysis indicates that the institutional instrument based on cooperation and the water market instrument both achieve similar results, demonstrating that the current institutional approach is not inferior to water markets. Another important result is that the water pricing instrument entails very ...

[EN] Water scarcity is a critical environmental issue worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid regions. In those regions, climate change projections suggest further reductions in freshwater supplies and increases of the recurrence, longevity and intensity of drought events. At present, one important question for policy debate is the identification of water policies that could address the mounting water scarcity problems. Suitable policies should improve economic efficiency, achieve environmental sustainability, and meet equity needs. This paper develops and applies an integrated hydro-economic model that links hydrological, economic and environmental elements to such issues. The model is used to conduct a direct comparison of water markets, water pricing and institutional cooperation, based on their economic, environmental and equity outcomes. The analysis is performed in the Jucar Basin of Spain, which is a good natural experiment for studying water scarcity and climate change policies. Results indicate that both institutional and water market policies are high performing instruments to limit the economic damage costs of droughts, achieving almost the same social benefits. However, the environmental effects of water markets are worrying. Another important finding is that water pricing is a poor policy option not only in terms of private and environmental benefits but also in terms of equity. Guardar / Salir Siguiente > ; This study was financed by project INIA RTA2010-00109-C04 and INIA RTA2014-00050-00-00 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness partially financed by ERDF funds, and project BIL/13/MA/072 from MAPFRE Foundation. The Ministry supported also a Ph.D scholarship of the first author. Among individuals, special assistance has been provided by Manuel Pulido-Velazquez (UPV), Alfonso Calera and David Sanz (IDR), and Maria Calera (UCL). ; Kahil, MT.; Albiac, J.; Dinar, A.; Calvo, E.; Esteban, E.; Avellá Reus, LF.; García Molla, M. (2016). Improving the Performance ofWater Policies: ...

[EN] During the last three decades, like many other Mediterranean states, Spain has intensively promoted the modernization of irrigation, focusing mainly on the introduction of pressurized irrigation systems. Following 30 years of investment, a shift in irrigation policies is needed to solve some of the deficiencies in this modernization process and to incorporate new measures to cope with upcoming challenges generated by international markets, climate change and other social and economic processes. This paper describes and analyses the results of participatory research carried out with the water user associations in the autonomous region of Valencia, in order to define post-modernization irrigation policies. A survey and 24 local workshops involving 304 water user associations were conducted during the irrigation season of 2018 in order to form an assessment of the sector and design new irrigation policies. The results show that after 30 years of important investment, the obsolescence of the infrastructure has become the current main priority, making farmers dependent on public subsidies. New necessities have also emerged, such as renewable energies and nonconventional water resources, which farmers consider indispensable in order to reduce operating costs and guarantee water supply. ; This work has been developed under the framework of the research agreement "Estudio para la modernizacion del regadio en la Comunidad Valenciana", between the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the Generalitat Valenciana, and conducted as part of the research project "Design and evaluation of strategies to adapt to global climate change in Mediterranean watersheds by using irrigation water intensively (ADAPTAMED)" (RTI2018-101483-B-I00), funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain and with EU FEDER funds. ; Sanchis Ibor, C.; Ortega-Reig, M.; Guillem-Garcia, A.; Carricondo, JM.; Manzano Juarez, J.; García Molla, M.; Royuela, A. (2021). Irrigation Post-Modernization. Farmers Envisioning Irrigation ...