Suchergebnisse

A regime for the democratic control of armed forces exists in the OSCE area (which stretches from Vancouver to Vladivostok) through a "Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security" (1994). This instrument, which links civil-military relations to human rights and international humanitarian law, has no counterpart in other security organizations. Intruding into an area of state power hitherto considered a sanctum sanctorum, it commits the OSCE member states to a regular exchange of information on the status of the democratic control of their armed forces, as well as on such issues as the fight against terrorism and the stationing of troops on foreign soil. The book represents an urgently needed reference work on both the contents and the impact of the Code; drawing on as-yet unpublished materials, it offers a paragraph-by-paragraph commentary on the Code, as well as an in-depth assessment of implementation trends in the OSCE region

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION -- ABBREVIATIONS -- CHAPTER I: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- 1. The ILO in the making -- Ideological origins -- Political origins -- 2. The dynamic growth of the ILO, 1919-39 -- Endogenous evolution -- Exogenous evolution -- 3. Integration of the ILO within the United Nations system -- Adjustment to wartime conditions -- Adjustment to the post-war world -- CHAPTER II: THE GENERAL SETTING OFTHE ILO'S DEVELOPMENT -- 1. The emergence of a new membership majority -- 2. The diversification of national socio-economic systems -- 3. The weight of the international trade union movement -- The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions -- The World Federation of Trade Unions -- The World Confederation of Labour -- Regional organisations -- 4. The changing pattern of parliamentary diplomacy -- Group diplomacy -- "Politicisation" -- 5. The new dimensions of social issues -- Conditions of life and work -- Role of the social partners -- CHAPTER III: EVOLUTION OF THE ILO'S OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONAL AREAS -- 1. Objectives -- The Philadelphia mandate -- Social justice -- International peace -- Regulation of international competition -- The ILO's major programmes -- 2. Major fields of activity -- Human rights -- Employment -- Working conditions and environment -- CHAPTER IV: THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE ILO -- 1. Membership -- Admissions and readmissions since 1945 -- Namibia: A special case -- Withdrawals since 1945: Current cases -- The United States withdrawal -- The People's Republic of China and ILO membership -- 2. Tripartism -- Tripartism versus universality -- The McNair Committee on the independence of employers' and workers' organisations (1956) -- The Ago Committee on the improvement of the working methods of the Conference (1959) -- The evolution of tripartism.