Suchergebnisse

Examines the 1980s-1990s British economic model as a test case for modern conservative capitalism. The conservative capitalist model that emerged during the prime ministership of Margaret Thatcher had four unequivocal points: low taxes, small governments, production oriented to profit, & a naturalization of inequality. This model is shown to have reduced inflation, revitalized British management, & raised a number of economic indicators in the intermediate terms. However, as a long-term model, it is argued that conservative capitalism is a failure. The 1990s has seen a drastic rise in inequality, substantial growth in poverty, concerted loss of public morale, & net reduction in private ownership of property. The failure of conservative capitalism is traced to large macroeconomic mistakes, gross misunderstandings of microeconomics, & a hypercompetitive ethic that prevented cooperation, thus leading to a need for more governmental regulation. 1 Table. D. Ryfe

Data collected from interviews with new landowners in KwaZulu-Natal in 1999 show that households on four government-assisted projects had less tenure security than households that acquired land via private transactions. Households in government-assisted projects also used less agricultural credit and had less liquidity and less wealth. The probability of households using agricultural credit increased with more secure tenure, more household wealth (number of durable goods), higher liquidity and higher levels of household education. It is recommended that more emphasis be placed on redistributing land through the private market and encouraging the creation of management committees or joint enterprises to utilise the land settled by large groups of beneficiaries. This would be a first step towards making tenure more secure, most notably in the government land reform projects. More secure tenure would improve the creditworthiness of emerging farmers, thereby creating incentives for investing in improvements and complementary inputs to raise agricultural performance. (Dev South Afr/DÜI)

This is a conference paper. ; During the water decade of 1980-90, water programs evolved from purely engineering solutions through to more integrated approaches, encompassing health, community management, livelihood improvement, and social development aims. With rapidly improving participatory methodologies in the nearly 1990s, it has become even more possible and necessary to design water projects not in terms of specific technologies or prearranged management systems, but in terms of a process of dialogue between project implementors, residents, government, and other stakeholders. In this sense, we see water programs as being increasingly shaped by social development methods and objectives. Particularly prominent are issues related to the empowerment of the poor and marginalized. Since 1992, CARE International has been working in peri-urban settlements in Zambia, in a variety of mutually-reinforcing project interventions, such as infrastructure improvements and micro-finance. This paper explores one particular experience, the establishment of a community-managed water supply scheme in Chipata compound, an unplanned, low income settlement of 45,000 residents on the northern outskirts of the capital, Lusaka. Through this case, we wish to outline some of the key methods used to empower residents to manage water projects, and reflect particularly on the challenges of community institution building and the complex institutional linkages in an urban setting.

Vorgestellt werden die Ergebnisse eines Zensus, der alle 1997 in Kwazulu Natal erfolgten Farmland-Transaktionen erfaßt. Insgesamt sind 373.000 ha oder 7% des zur Verfügung stehenden Landes an neue Eigentümer transferiert worden. Nur 0,43% dieses Landes gingen jedoch an benachteiligte (schwarze) Bevölkerungsgruppen, der weitaus größere Teil an neue weiße Eigentümer. Der Eigentumsübergang hat seit 1995 dramatisch zugenommen. Private Transaktionen betrafen wertvolleres Land als Landkäufe mit Hilfe von Regierungssubventionen und machten deshalb wertmäßig den weitaus größeren Teil der Eigentumsübertragungen aus. Frauen waren bei den Transaktionen aufgrund von Erbschaft gut vertreten, aber unterrepräsentiert bei mit Hypothekarkrediten finanzierten Eigentumswechseln. Im allgemeinen erwarben Frauen kleinere Farmeinheiten und Land geringerer Qualität als Männer. (DÜI-Hlb)