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London is one of the world's most popular destinations and visitors contribute approximately £14.9 billion of expenditure to the city every year. Its tourism and events sectors are growing and over the last few years London has received more visitors than ever before. However, detailed accounts of the city's visitor economy are conspicuously absent. This book analyses how the capital is developing as a destination through the expansion of tourism and events into new urban spaces. The book outlines how parts of London not previously regarded as tourist territory are now subject to the visitor gaze with tourism spreading beyond established central zones into peripheral, suburban and residential areas – in part propelled by a big rise in peer to peer accommodation use. Simultaneously, London's airports and sports stadiums and their surrounds are becoming destinations in their own right. New vantage points have been created, allowing tourists to explore the city: from above, at night-time or through tours given by the homeless; via the opening up of the River Thames; or through the transformation of local parks into eventscapes. The book explores these trends and shows how urban destinations expand. In doing so, it enhances our understanding of London and highlights the growing significance of tourism and events in global cities.
The aim of this paper is to undertake an assessment of airport competition within the Scottish Lowlands region, which has experienced significant variations in economic development, and to examine whether competitive forces have been strengthening or weakening in recent years. This region covers the airports of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Prestwick in the last twelve years they have all experienced changes in ownership. BAA which had, for many years, operated both Edinburgh and Glasgow airports, sold the former to GIP in 2012 whilst in 2013 the Scottish Government purchased the privately-owned Prestwick. During this period there were also significant changes in airline network strategies. In order to assess the competitive pressures facing these airports, three key areas are considered, namely: aeronautical charging policy, the service quality provided and traffic development. The analysis shows that since ownership separation, competition has intensified between Edinburgh and Glasgow, whilst Prestwick airport, which benefitted from Ryanair expansion in the 1990s, is now a significantly diminished competitive proposition in the Scottish Lowland market. This has implications not only for airport policy and economic regulation but also for broader economic well-being in this region
BASE
In: International Perspectives and Empirical Findings on Child Participation, S. 257-280
In: Australian journal of public administration, Band 78, Heft 1, S. 37-55
ISSN: 1467-8500
AbstractVery little is known about how relationships between people with disabilities and their paid support workers are positioned in policy. With the policy shift toward choice of provider, individualised approaches, person centredness and self‐directed funding, the nature of their relationship assumes a more prominent role in the quality of support practice. The policy analysis in this article explores the extent to which current disability policy acknowledges, promotes, or diminishes the relationships between people with disabilities and workers, in their organisational context. It uses Honneth's conditions for recognition—love (cared for), rights (respected) and solidarity or social esteem (valued)—to understand how policy positions mutuality in the relationship. The policy review applied a three‐stage process: categorisation of policies, textual analysis and content analysis to policy documents at four levels—international, Australian federal, state and organisational in two case studies. The analysis revealed that while a rights framework is explicit in most policies, the emphases on the conditions for recognition within a relationship between people with disabilities and workers are compromised in instructional policies that attempt to manage the tension between choice and risk, particularly at the organisational level.
Child safety is now a national policy priority in Australia. Extensive inquiries and reviews have escalated legislative and policy responses focused on developing, maintaining and monitoring 'child safe' organisations. The recommendations of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse point to the importance of cultural conditions within organisations in supporting child safety and the need for responsive change in some organisations. Drawing on a recent policy analysis, undertaken as part of a larger Australian Research Council Discovery Project, this article examines how children and safety are constructed, within and across relevant state and federal government policies in Australia, and the implications of this. Distinctions are drawn between conceptualisations of children within the broader education policy context and two specific policy contexts in which children are considered particularly vulnerable to abuse – out-of-home care and disability. The findings indicate that policy discourses of 'child safe' potentially foster different emphases and approaches in organisations. These have implications for the way children are positioned in relation to their safety, how their rights are recognised and implemented, and what is required to foster cultural conditions within organisations to best support children's safety and wellbeing.
BASE
In: Social policy and administration, Band 54, Heft 7, S. 1160-1178
ISSN: 1467-9515
AbstractKeeping children safe from harm is a national policy priority in Australia. Extensive inquiries and reviews have highlighted institutions' persistent failures to respond ethically and appropriately to child abuse and its life‐long impacts on survivors. Policy efforts now reflect considerable emphasis on safeguarding children, including through the development of 'child safe' organisations. The realisation of these policy aspirations requires close attention to how 'child safe' is conceptualised and operationalised in different organisational contexts. Drawing on an analysis of policy in Australia and other international jurisdictions, namely New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Ireland, this article engages critically with the notion of 'child safe' in policy, to explore who is to be safe, from what and how, in organisational settings. The findings suggest emergent discourses of 'child safe' are bound up with particular constructions of both children and safety, reflect current social and political understandings and agendas, and have implications for organisations' approaches to safety. Ensuring the safety of children in Australia and other jurisdictions requires continuing scrutiny of policy implementation to make sure current policy efforts are not reduced to compliance‐based imperatives that protect organisations, but fail to create the cultural conditions that enhance children's wellbeing and safety.
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- Note -- 2 Regional economic theory and the impact of transport investments -- Introduction -- How natural advantage and governance can explain differences in regional economic development -- Explaining differences in regional economic development in the absence of differences in natural advantage and governance -- Imperfect competition due to increasing returns to scale -- Home market effect -- Core-periphery model -- Input-output linkages -- Increasing spatial fragmentation of firms and the role of communication costs -- Long-term developments in the costs of trade and transport -- Empirical assessment of the effects of transport costs on regional development -- Economic impact studies -- Econometric studies on the effects of air transport on economic development -- European regional policy -- Conclusions -- Note -- References -- 3 A review of connectivity utility models and their applications -- Introduction -- A review of the Connectivity Utility Model -- The construction of the direct air connectivity measure -- The construction of indirect air connectivity measure -- The construction of a multi-modal connectivity measure -- Applications of the Connectivity Utility Model -- China's direct air connectivity with other countries/economies -- China's overall connectivity (the sum of direct and indirect connectivity) -- Using the extended ConnUM for vulnerability analysis -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 4 Wider economic benefits: What they are, how they manifest, and an example from network air services -- Introduction -- Literature evolution -- Public capital and economic growth -- Mechanisms of WEB -- Wider economic benefits vs catalytic effects -- Wider economic benefits (WEBs) and aviation.