Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Also by Andy Green -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1 Introduction: At the Sharp-End of Globalisation and Demographic Change -- The Drivers of Changes in Opportunities for Young People -- Different Perspectives on the Crisis for Youth -- Changing Opportunities in Different Domains: Education -- Employment -- Housing -- Wealth -- Benefits and Political Representation -- Chapter 2 Education, Education …Under-Employment: The Mantra That Failed -- Increasing Participation in Upper Secondary and Higher Education -- Increases in Average Qualification Levels at GCSE, Upper Secondary and Degree Level -- Trends in Levels of Knowledge and Skill -- Declines in Educational Inequalities? -- Trends in Inequalities of Qualification Levels -- Trends in Skills Inequalities -- Explaining the Trends in Skills Inequalities -- Pathways in Post 16 Education and Training -- Education and Jobs: The Declining Value of Qualifications on the Labour Market -- The Education Opportunity Balance Sheet -- Chapter 3 Young People and Employment: The Age of Uncertainty -- Young People's Perceptions of Their Employment Opportunities and How They Compare with Those of Their Parents -- Perceptions of Job Opportunities -- A Temporary Dislocation or a Long-Term Trend? -- Chapter 4 Britain's Housing Disaster and Its Effects on Young People -- Intergenerational Decline Meets Social Class Polarisation -- Chapter 5 Wealth and Welfare: Breaking the Generational Contract -- Wealth -- Intergenerational Transfers -- Chapter 6 Policies for Intergenerational Equity: (1) Education and Work -- Reducing Inequality in Lower Secondary Education -- Reforming Upper Secondary Education and Training -- Tertiary Education -- Student Finance -- Chapter 7 Policies for Intergenerational Equity Two: Housing -- Capital Gains Tax on Sales of First Homes.

education; NEET; widening participation

This study extends the comparative model of country groups to analyse the cross-national trends in the higher education expansion and opportunities. We use descriptive data on characteristics and outcomes of HE systems in different countries groups, including the liberal market countries, the social democratic countries, the Mediterranean countries, the German speaking countries, the Northern states and the East Asian societies. At the theoretical level, we assess the validity of the Maximally Maintained Theory in the cross-national contexts. We confirm the MMI theory in general patterns of the expansion of higher education opportunities; however, we argue that it is not sufficient to provide accounts on specific country differences in the strength of the relationship between participation rates and inequality of opportunities. Therefore, we explain the divergences from the general pattern of higher participation being associated with lower inequality. We propose three main contenders including the privation contribution to higher education (the liberal countries), less hierarchical HE systems, the participation in the dual HE system and greater public support and entitlements (the Nordic and German speaking countries). We use a series of indicators on the trends of participation in HE and different types of universities, the private contribution to HE, and the trends of public support and entitlements to assess the three contenders. Thus, we argue that there are different patterns of the trade-offs between expansion and equalising opportunities. Most rapid expansion in countries with high private contributions to HE and little government support for students mainly because governments can then afford more places but equalisation of opportunities from the expansion in these systems is limited because of financial barriers to access to less well off groups. Most egalitarian systems seem to have somewhat lower participation rates with lower fees and strong government support such as the Social Democratic and the German Speaking countries.

Educational policies in the face of globalization : whither the nation-state? / Martin Carnoy -- World society and the globalization of educational policy / Francisco O. Ramirez, John W. Meyer, and Julia Lerch -- The global diffusion of education privatization : unpacking and theorizing policy adoption / Antoni Verger -- Economic growth in developing countries : the role of human capital / Eric Hanushek -- Education, poverty and the 'missing link' : the limits of human capital theory as a paradigm for poverty reduction / Xavier Bonal -- Gender and education in the global polity / Elaine Unterhalter -- The global educational reform movement and its impact on schooling / Pasi Sahlberg -- Global convergence or path dependency? : skill formation regimes in the globalized economy / Marius R. Busemeyer and Janis Vossiek -- Education and social cohesion : a panglossian global discourse / Andy Green and Jan Germen Janmaat -- Policies for education in conflict and post-conflict reconstruction / Sarah Dryden-Peterson -- Human rights and education policy in South Asia / Monisha Bajaj and Huma Kidwai -- Early childhood education and care in global discourses / Rianne Mahon -- Education for all 2000-2015 : the influence of global interventions and aid on EFA achievements / Aaron Benavot, Manos Antoninis, Nicole Bella, Marco Delprato, Joanna Harma, Catherine Jere, Priyadarshani Joshi, Nihan KoseleCi Blanchy, Helen Longlands, Alasdair McWilliam, David Post and Asma Zubairi -- The politics of language in education in a global polity / M. Obaidul Hamid -- The global governance of teachers' work / Susan L. Robertson -- The global construction of higher education reform / Simon Marginson -- The historical evolution and current challenges of the United Nations and global education policy-making / Francine Menashy and Caroline Manion -- The World Bank and the global governance of education in a changing world order / Karen Mundy and Antoni Verger -- The changing organizational and global significance of the OECD's education work / Bob Lingard and Sam Sellar -- The policies that shaped PISA, and the policies that PISA shaped / Andreas Schleicher and Pablo Zoido -- Dragon and the tiger cubs : China-ASEAN relations in higher education / Rui Yang and Jingyun Yao -- An analysis of power in transnational advocacy in education / Ian Macpherson -- The business case for transnational corporate participation, profits, and policy making in education / Zahra Bhanji -- New global philanthropy in education and philanthropic governance in education in a post-2015 world / Prachi Srivastava and Lianna Baur -- Rational intentions and unintended consequences : on the interplay between international and national actors in education policy / Timm Fulge, Tonia Bieber, and Kerstin Martens -- Policy and administration as culture : organizational sociology and global and cross-national educational trends / Patricia Bromley -- Ethnography and the localization of global education policy / Amy Stambach -- Global education policy and the postmodern challenge / Stephen Carney -- Policy reponses to the rise of Asian higher education : a postcolonial analysis / Fazal Rizvi -- Joined-up policy : network connectivity and global education governance / Carolina Junemann, Stephen J. Ball and Diego Santori -- A vertical case study of global policy-making : early grade literacy in Zambia / Lesley Bartlett and Frances Vavrus -- Global indicators and local problem recognition : an exploration into the statistical eradication of teacher shortage in the post-socialist region / Gita Steiner-Khamsi.

W. Solarz, K. Najberek, A. Pociecha & E. Wilk-Woźniak (2017, Diversity and Distributions, 23, 113–117) published a letter in Diversity and Distributions debating our view that waterbirds are important vectors of alien species (C. Reynolds, N. A. F. Miranda & G. S. Cumming, 2015 Diversity and Distributions, 21, 744–754; A. J. Green, 2016 Diversity and Distributions, 22, 239–247) and question whether future research into the mechanisms under-pinning this phenomenon can be advantageous for the practical management of alien species. Additionally, Solarz et al. suggest that human activities are the primary source of all alien species introductions and that waterbirds may only act as vectors of secondary dispersal. In this letter, we respond to several arguments raised by the authors surrounding the relevance of waterbird-mediated dispersal in the introduction and spread of alien species. We emphasize the partly deterministic nature of waterbird dispersal and the significance of long-distance dispersal events (and hence the potential for primary introductions of new alien species across political boundaries). Finally, we reaffirm the importance of further research into dispersal by birds to improve our capacity to foresee and manage invasions of those alien species with strong capacity to spread via avian vectors. ; Peer reviewed

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. The lack of space and opportunity for development has been identified as key reasons behind the stagnation of the European aquaculture industry. With the historical loss and degradation of current European wetlands there is an opportunity for harnessing the commercial investment of the aquaculture industry in construction of dual purpose wetlands that incorporate both conservation and extensive aquaculture activities. These wetlands can be used to expand the area available to suitable aquaculture into ecologically sensitive areas, such as Natura 2000 sites. Veta la Palma (VLP) situated in the Doñana Natural Park (and a Natura 2000 site) is an example of such an aquaculture development and a possible model for future opportunities. In the current study some of the important ecosystem services that are provided by VLP are assessed. The provisioning services of VLP were the economic rationale for the investment and more than 820tonnesyr -1 of fish and shrimp is produced, through a mixture of semi-extensive and extensive aquaculture. The regulating services include nutrient absorption, and the flow of river water through VLP and high primary production results in the absorption of 377tonnes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen yr -1 , and 516tonnes of Cyr -1 . Supporting services include the provision of habitat for more than 94 bird and 21 fish species. The primary production that supports the birds, extensive and semi-extensive aquaculture production was also estimated to be 167,000tonnes, 50,000tonnes and 133,000tonnesyr -1 , respectively. The losses to birds are substantial and these estimates indicate that almost half of the primary production supports the wetland birds which directly consume 249tonnes of fish and 2578tonnes of invertebrates per annum. However it is the ecological credentials of the farm that enable premium prices and hence ensure the economic viability of the farm. The study demonstrates the possibility of using aquaculture to mitigate the historical loss of wetlands, provide significant ecosystem services and contribute to achievement of the European environmental legislative goals, and furthers the opportunity for the expansion of aquaculture into sensitive but impacted habitats. ; Peer Reviewed

Many of the world's wetlands may be profoundly affected by climate change over the coming decades. Although wetland managers may have little control over the causes of climate change, they can help to counteract its effects through local measures. This is because direct anthropogenic impacts, such as water extraction and nutrient loading, work in concert with climate change to damage wetlands. Control of these local stressors may therefore ameliorate undesired effects of climate change, such as a shift towards dominance by invasive floating plants, increasingly frequent cyanobacteria blooms, or extinction of key species. Using the iconic Doñana wetlands in Spain as a case study, we illustrate how the concept of creating a "safe operating space" may be implemented to better ensure that ecosystems do not surpass thresholds for collapse during an era of global change. ; WIMEK grant for a research stay at WUR. JAE DOCTORES. European Union. European Social Fund. Grant Number: ESF2007‐2013. Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness. EU FP7 project FAST. Grant Number: 607131. European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. Grant Number: 641762 ; Peer reviewed

Many of the world's wetlands may be profoundly affected by climate change over the coming decades. Although wetland managers may have little control over the causes of climate change, they can help to counteract its effects through local measures. This is because direct anthropogenic impacts, such as water extraction and nutrient loading, work in concert with climate change to damage wetlands. Control of these local stressors may therefore ameliorate undesired effects of climate change, such as a shift towards dominance by invasive floating plants, increasingly frequent cyanobacteria blooms, or extinction of key species. Using the iconic Doñana wetlands in Spain as a case study, we illustrate how the concept of creating a "safe operating space" may be implemented to better ensure that ecosystems do not surpass thresholds for collapse during an era of global change. ; AJG was supported by a WIMEK grant for a research stay at WUR. EPM was supported by a JAE DOCTORES 2010 contract funded by the European Union (European Social Fund, ESF2007-­2013) and the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness, as well as the EU FP7 project FAST (grant 607131). Funding was also provided by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 641762 to the ECOPOTENTIAL project. C Perennou provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Maps were made using data from CHG­ uadalquivir (www.chguadalquivir.es/ide) with QGIS (www.qgis.org) and the Google Maps API. ; PDF 9 pages