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Comment réduire notre empreinte hydrique à un niveau durable ?
In: Chronique ONU, Band 55, Heft 1, S. 52-54
ISSN: 2411-9911
The water footprint of industry
In: Assessing and Measuring Environmental Impact and Sustainability, S. 221-254
The water footprint: a tool for governments, companies and investors
The water footprint of Europe – the total volume of water used for producing all commodities consumed by European citizens – has been significantly externalised to other parts of the world. Europe is for example a large importer of cotton, one of the most thirsty crops. Coffee is imported from Colombia, soybean from Brazil, rice from Thailand, etcetera. European consumption strongly relies on the water resources available outside Europe. Since the pressure on freshwater resources outside Europe is growing, because of population growth, increasing levels of production and climate change, an emerging and vital question is: How sustainable is Europe's water footprint? Can Europeans continue to rely on water resources elsewhere given the growing number of instances of water overexploitation in some of the places from where Europe imports water-intensive consumer goods? In this paper I address these questions and argue that coping with those questions involves governments, but companies and investors as well.
BASE
Going against the flow: A critical analysis of virtual water trade in the context of India's National River Linking Programme
Virtual water trade has been promoted as a tool to address national and regional water scarcity. In the context of international (food) trade, this concept has been applied with a view to optimize the flow of commodities considering the water endowments of nations. The concept states that water-rich countries should produce and export water intensive commodities (which indirectly carry embedded water needed for producing them) to water-scarce countries, thereby enabling the water-scarce countries to divert their precious water resources to alternative, higher productivity uses. While progress has been made on quantifying virtual water flows between countries, there exists little information on virtual water trade within large countries like India. This report quantifies and critically analyzes inter-state virtual water flows in India in the context of a large inter-basin transfer plan of the Government of India. Our analysis shows that the existing pattern of inter-state virtual water trade is exacerbating scarcities in already water scarce states and that rather than being dictated by water endowments, virtual water flows are influenced by other factors such as "per capita gross cropped area" and "access to secured markets". We therefore argue that in order to have a comprehensive understanding of virtual water trade, non-water factors of production need to be taken into consideration.
BASE
An Empirical Analysis of Stakeholders' Influence on Policy Development: the Role of Uncertainty Handling
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 16, Heft 1
ISSN: 1708-3087
The effect of modelling expert knowledge and uncertainty on multicriteria decision making: a river management case study
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 13, Heft 3, S. 229-238
ISSN: 1462-9011
Uncovering the origin of ambiguity in nature-inclusive flood infrastructure projects
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 19, Heft 2
ISSN: 1708-3087
Livestock Water and Land Productivity in Kenya and Their Future Implications for Resource Use
In: HELIYON-D-21-05952
SSRN
Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges
In: Zeitoun , M , Lankford , B , Krueger , T , Forsyth , T , Carter , R , Hoekstra , A Y , Taylor , R , Varis , O , Cleaver , F , Boelens , R , Swatuk , L , Tickner , D , Scott , C A , Mirumachi , N & Matthews , N 2016 , ' Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges ' , Global Environmental Change , vol. 39 , pp. 143-154 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.04.010
This article reviews and contrasts two approaches that water security researchers employ to advance understanding of the complexity of water-society policy challenges. A prevailing reductionist approach seeks to represent uncertainty through calculable risk, links national GDP tightly to hydro-climatological causes, and underplays diversity and politics in society. When adopted uncritically, this approach limits policy-makers to interventions that may reproduce inequalities, and that are too rigid to deal with future changes in society and climate. A second, more integrative, approach is found to address a range of uncertainties, explicitly recognise diversity in society and the environment, incorporate water resources that are less-easily controlled, and consider adaptive approaches to move beyond conventional supply-side prescriptions. The resultant policy recommendations are diverse, inclusive, and more likely to reach the marginalised in society, though they often encounter policy-uptake obstacles. The article concludes by defining a route towards more effective water security research and policy, which stresses analysis that matches the state of knowledge possessed, an expanded research agenda, and explicitly addresses inequities.
BASE
Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges
This article reviews and contrasts two approaches that water security researchers employ to advance understanding of the complexity of water-society policy challenges. A prevailing reductionist approach seeks to represent uncertainty through calculable risk, links national GDP tightly to hydro-climatological causes, and underplays diversity and politics in society. When adopted uncritically, this approach limits policy-makers to interventions that may reproduce inequalities, and that are too rigid to deal with future changes in society and climate. A second, more integrative, approach is found to address a range of uncertainties, explicitly recognise diversity in society and the environment, incorporate water resources that are less-easily controlled, and consider adaptive approaches to move beyond conventional supply-side prescriptions. The resultant policy recommendations are diverse, inclusive, and more likely to reach the marginalised in society, though they often encounter policy-uptake obstacles. The article concludes by defining a route towards more effective water security research and policy, which stresses analysis that matches the state of knowledge possessed, an expanded research agenda, and explicitly addresses inequities.
BASE
Contributors
In: Assessing and Measuring Environmental Impact and Sustainability, S. xv-xvii