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"The question of racism in Kant is predominantly discussed using the example of the Kantian race theory. This is a far too narrow perspective which neither gives consideration to the complexity and scope of racist arguments nor to their use by Kant. In order to grasp his contribution to modern racism, his racerelated, antisemitic, antiziganist and orientalist thoughts and typen of discrimination must be examined. The overall view shows that Kant advances a broadly based cultural racism. This racism also shapes his contribution on race theory and results in white supremacy. It prejudices Kant's image of humanity to such a degree that he supposes that only Europeans can perfect the development of human abilities and that other races either have to be guided by them or perish." (author's abstract)

"Racism goes through various stages of development and it uses different patterns of social inclusion and exclusion. Since ancient times, these have been organized in pairs of opposites, which include, among others, the cultivated and the barbarians, the chosen and the outcasts, the civilised and the savages and finally the whites and the coloureds. Their logic turns the discriminated others into undifferentiated representatives of an inferior humanity. In comparison to them, the members of socially differentiated and hierarchically ordered societies can see themselves as a uniform and superior group. Even those who are economically and culturally declassed are therefore granted symbolic appreciation. This negative social integration requires the popularisation of racist stereotypes. The same applies to racial theory. Through the construction of races, such theory first develops an academic concept for the differentiation of humankind and the elevation of its so-called white part. Afterwards, whiteness is generalised and race is constituted as a social category. This is by no means only an ideological Operation from above. Rather, 'race' is closely connected to 'dass' and the lower social classes are significantly involved in its constitution." (author's abstract)

Racism in White sociology : from Adam Smith to Max Weber / Wulf D. Hund -- Postracial silences : the othering of race in Europe / Alana Lentin -- From the Congo to Chicago : Robert E. Park's romance with racism / Felix Lösing -- Telling about racism : W.E.B. Du Bois, Stuart Hall and sociology's reconstruction / Les Back, Maggie Tate -- Racism's alterity : the after-life of Black sociology / Barnor Hesse -- Whitening intersectionality : evanescence of race in intersectionality scholarship / Sirma Bilge -- The politics of (anti-)racism : academic research and policy discourse in Europe / Silvia Rodríguez Maeso, Marta Araújo

In the context of her bicentenary in 2021, Amalie Dietrich will again be celebrated as a feminist paragon or condemned as a racist culprit. Her stay in Australia will be central to these contrasting approaches to her biography. There, she gathered a remarkable amount of native plants, animals, ethnological everyday objects – and human remains. In this context, she was subjected to suspicions of incitement in murder early on and to allegedly critical investigations concerning her role in the anthropological desecration of corpses in recent times. In this paper, we contribute some arguments to the clarification of this controversial subject. It focuses on the treatment of image of Amalie Dietrich in the German discourse from the Kaiserreich via the Weimar Republic, the fascist 'Reich', the Federal Republic as well as the Democratic Republic to reunited Germany. As a result, we argue that a critical biography of Amalie Dietrich must integrate the appreciation of her contribution to botany and zoology with a critique of her role in the racist history of anthropological grave robbery and desecration of human remains.

This study examines the character of racism as a social relation. As such, racism is continuously produced and modified, not only culturally and ideologically but also in social interaction. Understanding racism and its repercussions demands close investigation of all the processes involved. An instructive example is an incident that unfolded in the early 1910s in Broome, Western Australia. The exemption from immigration restriction of a Japanese doctor raised tempers at a time when the nationwide aspiration for a racially homogeneous society determined political and social attitudes, and 'whiteness' was a crucial element of Australianness. The possibility of admitting a Japanese professional to a town that was already suspected of race chaos fuelled debates about the question of 'coloured labour' and the 'yellow peril', while challenging the unambiguousness of class and race boundaries. The influence and wealth of some Japanese, the indispensable position of their compatriots in the pearling industry, and the skills and reputation of their doctor, supplemented with the distinct racial pride of the whole Japanese community, proved to massively impede and disrupt the unrestricted implementation of white supremacy.