Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter one: Egypt's Political History 1854–1914 -- Chapter Two: The Political, Economic and Social Situation in Egypt 1914–1918 -- Chapter Three: The Egyptian Parties 1918–1924 -- Chapter Four: The Egyptian Nationalist Revolution of 1919 -- Chapter Five: Anglo-Egyptian Negotiations -- Chapter Six: The National Government Experience -- Chapter Seven: The Assassination of Sir Lee Stack and its Impact on the Egyptian Nationalist Movement -- Chapter Eight: General Conclusion -- Appendices -- Bibliography -- Abstract

This study investigates how Pakistani children influence parental decisions in the fast-food sector despite awareness of its adverse effects amidst a rising trend of fast-food consumption due to time constraints and parental concerns about nutrition. It aims to explore this relationship and assess parental roles in mitigating children's influence. Addressing a research gap, the study examines children's impact on fast-food purchases in Pakistan, considering parental responses and the industry's adaptation to local preferences. Qualitative data collection identifies factors such as time availability and advertising that shape parental decisions. Recommendations include healthier offerings from fast-food companies and parental guidance for balanced eating habits. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of children's influence on parental decision-making in fast-food consumption, potentially promoting healthier choices among Pakistani children, while also suggesting areas for further investigation.

AbstractCOVID-19 has been a significant global concern due to its contagious nature. In May 2021, Taiwan experienced a severe outbreak, leading the government to enforce strict Pandemic Alert Level 3 restrictions in order to curtail its spread. Although previous studies in Taiwan have examined the effects of these measures on air quality, further research is required to compare different time periods and assess the health implications of reducing particulate matter during the Level 3 lockdown. Herein, we analyzed the mass concentrations, chemical compositions, seasonal variations, sources, and potential health risks of PM1.0 and PM2.5 in Central Taiwan before and during the Level 3 lockdown. As a result, coal-fired boilers (47%) and traffic emissions (53%) were identified as the predominant sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM1.0, while in PM2.5, the dominant sources of PAHs were coal-fired boilers (28%), traffic emissions (50%), and iron and steel sinter plants (22.1%). Before the pandemic, a greater value of 20.9 ± 6.92 μg/m3 was observed for PM2.5, which decreased to 15.3 ± 2.51 μg/m3 during the pandemic due to a reduction in industrial and anthropogenic emissions. Additionally, prior to the pandemic, PM1.0 had a contribution rate of 79% to PM2.5, which changed to 89% during the pandemic. Similarly, BaPeq values in PM2.5 exhibited a comparable trend, with PM1.0 contributing 86% and 65% respectively. In both periods, the OC/EC ratios for PM1.0 and PM2.5 were above 2, due to secondary organic compounds. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of PAHs in PM2.5 decreased by 4.03 × 10-5 during the pandemic, with PM1.0 contributing 73% due to reduced anthropogenic activities.