Suchergebnisse

The article focuses on the problems which trainee teachers face in reflecting on observed lessons taught by experienced teachers. Observing and discussing live and recorded lessons is part of a practical module in a Bulgarian state university run together with a course in ELT methodology, with the aim of helping trainee-teachers link theory to practice in preparation for their school-based internship. The discussion is based on the results of 74 BA and MA trainee-teachers' written assignments of a whole video lesson observation (with the task of identifying its stages, procedures, and the rationale behind them), and a follow-up collective feedback aimed at revealing the sources of identified problems. A checklist including targeted observation foci was used for collecting quantitative data related to the elements of the lesson which were identified and correctly interpreted by the participants. Data analysis revealed no significant differences between the results of BA and MA trainees, who experienced similar difficulties in recognizing teaching techniques and interpreting teacher's actions in terms of ELT theory, perceiving the lesson as a coherent entity, and understanding the logic of its organisation. The post observation feedback provided some insights into the problems, suggesting that they might stem from insufficient theoretical preparation and the lasting impact of trainees' native educational culture with its traditional models of teaching; factors which might lead to conscious rejection of practices perceived as strange or inappropriate for the local teaching context. The implications of the study are linked to possible measures for overcoming the challenges and enhancing trainees' development of professional expertise.

The article is devoted to the problem of updating the methodology of the theory of collective education, the need for which is justified by the specifics of the modern world of childhood, the socio-cultural conditions in which a child develops today. In particular, the socialization and self-realization of generation Z today is characterized by their active entry into communications on the Internet using information virtual means of communication, which has become part of the life of a modern person. The article contains the results of our survey, aimed at studying who today is in the circle of close friends of the modern child. The survey was conducted using the author's technique "My Five Friends" (authors: M.I. Rozhkov, I.V. Ivanova). The survey involved 517 children aged 6 to 16 living in different regions of the Russian Federation. Its results confirm our idea.

The article deals with the changes in planning and conducting EFL lessons which resulted from the transition to online teaching due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The data on which the present discussion is based were obtained from three sources: lesson plans prepared by trainee-teachers' (both novice and already practicing) enrolled in an MA course in a Bulgarian state university, oral discussions of the same lesson plans between the trainees and the university supervisor, and video clips of lessons recorded by trainees who at the time of the study worked as teachers in schools. The analysis showed that there were a number of changes in planning for online teaching, and these changes were duly reflected in the teaching the lessons, the evidence of which can be found in the videos submitted together with the plans. The changes in the teaching approach, classroom management and the use of teaching materials were made by the trainees in an attempt to adjust their approach to the modifications of the online learning environment. The analysis helped us identify some features of online teaching which shed light on the processes of adjustment the trainees went through, and the way this transition affected the nature of their teaching. Some of the most symptomatic changes involved increased teacher-centredness in both planning and teaching, and preference for deductive approaches in presenting grammar and vocabulary, which resulted in fewer opportunities for students' active involvement and participation in the lesson.

In the context of the accelerated pace of globalization, the global trends of the modern economy are defined by innovative development which is a priority to strengthen the position of the national economy. Generation of new knowledge and formation of innovative intellectual environment of the public good become a part of the market mechanism in competitive tools for the country's leadership in the field of high technology. In addition, activation of the scientific potential and strengthening the innovation component of the economy determine high rates of economic growth and, consequently, the social economy in the long term. Under present conditions special attention is paid to the study of national innovation system formation, since the global improvement in the quality of life is only possible through development and strengthening the role of innovation in economic development. The aim of the study is to identify and study formation and development regularities of the national innovation system based on the use of new methodological approaches and based on fundamental provisions of the system analysis using the original methods of mathematical, computer and GIS modeling to improve its functional and spatial structure. Objectives of the study: - To analyze the theoretical and methodological study of different types of provisions in national innovation systems based on experience of their formation in developed and developing countries; - To identify the methods of their regulation and laws of development, to develop and justify the interdisciplinary scientific approach to the study of the national innovation system in Russia; - To use the modern tools of Mathematics and Statistics (cluster, dispersion, spectral, correlation and regression) modeling and forecasting, allowing not only identifying the most important factors affecting innovation and analyzing the current trends of their development, but also quantifying their mutual influence. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is a systematic-structural and systematic-functional approach to the study of relationships between socio-economic systems and their major components. The solution of the main objectives of the study requires the use of various methods of the scientific analysis: comparative, historical, statistical, mapping, GIS technologies, mathematical, geographical information and computer modeling. Obtained results can be the basis to develop a strategy of government of the state focused on long-term sustainable development; socio-economic development and innovation at the national level and directly at the level of regions and areas. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s3p487