Suchergebnisse

The link between family background and labour market outcomes is an issue of great academic, social and political concern. It is frequently claimed that such intergenerational associations are stronger in Britain than in other countries. But is this really true? I investigate this issue by estimating the link between parental education and later lifetime income, using three cross-nationally comparable data sets covering more than 30 countries. My results suggest that the UK is broadly in the middle of the cross-country rankings, with intergenerational associations notably stronger than in Scandinavia but weaker than in eastern Europe. Overall, I find limited support for claims that family background is a greater barrier to economic success in Britain than in other parts of the developed world.

Social mobility has become a key public policy issue across the Western world. But who do the upwardly and downwardly mobile vote for? Does their voting behaviour remain the same as their peers in their social origin class, or does it quickly assimilate to mimic the behaviour of others at their social destination? This article presents new, longitudinal evidence on this issue, documenting how the link between social origin, destination and political voting behaviour varies during adult life. We find individuals who move up the social ladder are more likely to vote Conservative than individuals who remain in the same social class as their parents. Overall, an individual's social origin and social destination seem to be equally important for how they vote. Yet we find no evidence that social mobility is associated with political voting preferences per se; rather upwardly mobile individuals' greater propensity to vote for the Conservatives is driven by the joint impact of their social origin and destination.

Quantitative social science (QSS) has the potential to make an important contribution to public policy. However it also has a number of limitations. The aim of this paper is to explain these limitations to a non-specialist audience and to identify a number of ways in which QSS research could be improved to better inform public policy.

"Academics and policymakers have shown great interest in cross-national comparisons of intergenerational earnings mobility. However, producing consistent and comparable estimates of earnings mobility is not a trivial task. In most countries researchers are unable to observe earnings information for two generations. They are thus forced to rely upon imputed data from different surveys instead. This paper builds upon previous work by considering the consistency of the intergenerational correlation (ρ) as well as the elasticity (β), how this changes when using a range of different instrumental (imputer) variables, and highlighting an important but infrequently discussed measurement issue. Our key finding is that, while TSTSLS estimates of β and ρ are both likely to be inconsistent, the magnitude of this problem is much greater for the former than it is for the latter. We conclude by offering advice on estimating earnings mobility using this methodology." (author's abstract)

The proportion of children living in a jobless household is a key indicator of social exclusion across Europe. Yet there is little evidence on the extent to which this measure of childhood deprivation is associated with later life outcomes. We use two harmonised cross-national data sources to consider the association between children experiencing jobless households and three medium- and longterm outcomes for the first time: education, adult joblessness and adult poverty. We find evidence of large penalties across all three outcomes in some countries while in other countries there are no longer-term associations with this indicator of social exclusion.

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Socioeconomic Inequality in Education Systems -- 1 Socioeconomic Inequality and Student Outcomes Across Education Systems -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Measurement Issues Regarding Socioeconomic Background -- 1.3 Parent-Child Education Links in TIMSS and PISA -- 1.4 The Structure and Contents of This Volume -- References -- 2 The Impact of Education Policies on Socioeconomic Inequality in Student Achievement: A Review of Comparative Studies -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods -- 2.2.1 Selection Criteria -- 2.2.2 Keywords and Data Collection -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Source Studies -- 2.3.2 Measures of Socioeconomic Inequality -- 2.4 Determinants of Socioeconomic Inequality in Student Achievement -- 2.4.1 Learning Environments Outside School -- 2.4.2 Home Learning Environments -- 2.4.3 School Learning Environments -- 2.4.4 Time for Learning -- 2.4.5 Content Coverage -- 2.4.6 School Culture -- 2.4.7 School Mix -- 2.4.8 Differentiation -- 2.4.9 Accountability -- 2.4.10 Interaction Between Differentiation and Accountability -- 2.4.11 Autonomy -- 2.4.12 Private Schools and Competition Among Schools -- 2.4.13 Public Expenditure on Education -- 2.4.14 Teacher Qualification -- 2.4.15 Additional Results -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Funding Note -- References -- National Profiles -- 3 Socioeconomic Inequality and Student Outcomes in English Schools -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Key Characteristics of the Student Population -- 3.2.1 Gender -- 3.2.2 Household Income -- 3.2.3 Minority Ethnic Origins -- 3.2.4 English as an Additional Language -- 3.2.5 Regional Differences -- 3.2.6 Family Structure -- 3.2.7 Parental Education -- 3.3 Educational Outcomes of Low SES Children -- 3.3.1 PISA -- 3.3.2 Official Measure of Educational Inequality.