Suchergebnisse

1. Introduction : antiphonal responses, social movements and networks / George Joffe -- 2. Islam in Libya / Alia Brahimi -- 3. Social change, regime performance and the radicalisation of politics : the case of Libya / Zahi Mogherbi -- 4. Tunisia : the radicalisation of religious policy / Mehdi Mabrouk -- 5. Radicalisation in Tunisia / Alison Pargeter -- 6. The causes of radicalisation in Algeria / Zine Mohamed Barka -- 7. Trajectories of radicalisation : Algeria 1989-1999 / George Joffe -- 8. Morocco's radicalised political movements / Rachel Linn -- 9. Salafism in Morocco : religious radicalism and political conformism / Abdelhakim Aboullouz, with an introduction by Mohamed Tozy -- 10. The paradoxes of Islamic radicalisation in Mauritania / Zekeria Ould Ahmed Salem.

The insurgencies in Tunisia and Egypt seemed to offer great hope of the outbreak of democratic change in the Middle East and North Africa. However, the civil war in Libya and the ongoing crises in Yemen and Syria suggest that overall regional change may prove to be more difficult to achieve. The causes for the insurgency are similar but the outcomes differ because two of the states concerned were liberalizing autocracies and the third -- Libya -- had resolutely rejected any political or social competitors. Even the liberalized autocracies face very different futures for, in Tunisia a whole system has been removed whilst in Egypt, the regime rejected its figurehead in order to preserve the regime. Adapted from the source document.

North Africa is notable for the remarkable stability of its political systems despite the increasingly hostile social and economic environment in which they operate. In part this results from their current security engagement with Europe but more important, perhaps, is the shared political culture that informs them despite the great differences between them and their failure to fulfill the principles upon which they were, for the most part, founded. This is, in part, typified by the very similar mechanisms they have each developed to ensure political continuity, based either on monarchical succession or dynastic republicanism. It is less clear, however, that they will be able to resist the most recent challenges arising from Islamist social movements, although the new political dispensations that might emerge may not be so very different from their predecessors. Adapted from the source document.

The reform process in Morocco is often seen as a paradigm for the Arab world. This article argues that, at least as far as political reform is concerned, this is a mistake. Political reform was a strategy to ensure dynastic survival which sought to re-create the principles on which the pre-colonial sultanate ensured its survival. External pressure, then, influenced the timing of reform but was not responsible for the reform itself which had purely endogamous causes. Economic reform, albeit instituted in response to external pressure over debt repayment, was also used to serve similar political ends by consolidating the elite which partners the monarchy. Economic reform, however, does have a more universalistic implication, if only in terms of its failure to address the social factors that threaten the stability of the modern state. Adapted from the source document.