Podstawowym celem artykułu jest przybliżenie dyskursu wokół możliwości regulacji gospodarki współdzielenia (ang. sharing economy) oraz omówienie potencjalnych instrumentów polityki publicznej, które mogą służyć do ograniczenia negatywnych skutków rozwoju tego systemu gospodarczego. Artykuł w pierwszej kolejności przybliża rozumienie koncepcji regulacji i régulation oraz omawia związki gospodarki współdzielenia z koncepcją współzarządzania cyfrowego. Następnie po przybliżeniu wybranych pozytywnych i negatywnych efektów gospodarki współdzielenia wskazane zostają wybrane instrumenty regulacyjne. W podsumowaniu wskazano na możliwe kierunki dalszych badań.
In recent years, there has been an intense public debate about the implementation of the age-friendly cities and communities concept as well as its more recent and broader iteration related to smart healthy age-friendly environments (SHAFE). The first part of the article introduces the basic concepts and current activities of the European Commission in the area of promoting intergenerational dialogue and programming intergenerational relations policies. This discussion is followed by concise analyses of case studies focused on selected social innovation projects and methodologies aimed at: (1) empowering facilitators of the concepts of age-friendly cities and communities as well as smart, healthy and inclusive environments; (2) facilitating citizens, especially older people, to deal with public health crises; and (3) supporting the voice of senior citizens in deciding on the goals and objectives of public policies (co-design), their implementation (governance, co-delivery/co-production of public services) as well as their monitoring and evaluation (co-assessment). The final section contains recommendations for selected entities responsible for public policies on ageing and suggestions for further research directions.
This open access book considers the development of the sharing and collaborative economy with a European focus, mapping across economic sectors, and country-specific case studies. It looks at the roles the sharing economy plays in sharing and redistribution of goods and services across the population in order to maximise their functionality, monetary exchange, and other aspects important to societies. It also looks at the place of the sharing economy among various policies and how the contexts of public policies, legislation, digital platforms, and other infrastructure interrelate with the development and function of the sharing economy. The book will help in understanding the future (sharing) economy models as well as to contribute in solving questions of better access to resources and sustainable innovation in the context of degrowth and growing inequalities within and between societies. It will also provide a useful source for solutions to the big challenges of our times such as climate change, the loss of biodiversity, and recently the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). This book will be of interest to academics and students in economics and business, organisational studies, sociology, media and communication and computer science.
Podstawowym założeniem artykułu jest uznanie, że złożoność wyzwań związanych ze starzeniem się populacji wymusza rozwój powiązań kooperacyjnych między podmiotami polityki publicznej reprezentującymi różne sektory. Innymi słowy: niezbędna jest bardziej intensywna i lepiej skoordynowana współpraca między organizacjami sektora publicznego, komercyjnego, pozarządowego, nieformalnego oraz sektora obejmującego podmioty gospodarki społecznej (np. spółdzielnie). Zasadnicze znaczenie ma w tym kontekście wdrażanie założeń teorii współzarządzania (governance), koprodukcji oraz mieszanej gospodarki dobrobytu (inaczej: wielosektorowej polityki społecznej). W konsekwencji artykuł wskazuje na wybrane wątki dyskursu dotyczącego relacji procesu starzenia się ludności z przedsiębiorczością społeczną i innowacjami społecznymi. Tekst przytacza także przykłady dobrych praktyk i inicjatyw z obszaru gospodarki społecznej. Podsumowanie zawiera rekomendacje dla podmiotów polityki publicznej oraz proponowane kierunki dalszych badań.
In: Koczetkow, Błażej, and Andrzej Klimczuk. 2022. "The Context of Public Policy on the Sharing Economy." In The Sharing Economy in Europe: Developments, Practices, and Contradictions, edited by Vida Česnuitytė, Andrzej Klimczuk, Cristina Miguel, and Gabriela Avram, 41–64. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. http
The purpose of this chapter is to analyse approaches to the sharing economy from the perspective of public policy science. In the first part of the text, attention is paid to perceiving the development of the emerging sharing economy not only as phenomenon with positive economic effects but also as a set of public problems (e.g., on the labour market and for existing economic structures) that require intervention at the level of national governments as well as at international level. Subsequent sections identify possible actions for regulating the development of the sharing economy. The role of soft law, stakeholders' networks, self-regulation and standardisation are discussed in the chapter. The summary includes potential directions for further research.
The purpose of this chapter is to analyse approaches to the sharing economy from the perspective of public policy science. In the first part of the text, attention is paid to perceiving the development of the emerging sharing economy not only as phenomenon with positive economic effects but also as a set of public problems (e.g., on the labour market and for existing economic structures) that require intervention at the level of national governments as well as at international level. Subsequent sections identify possible actions for regulating the development of the sharing economy. The role of soft law, stakeholders' networks, self-regulation and standardisation are discussed in the chapter. The summary includes potential directions for further research.
The main aim of the article is to present the discourse around the possibility of regulating the sharing economy and to discuss potential instruments of public policy that may be used to limit the adverse effects of the development of this economic system. The contribution first introduces the understanding of the concept of regulation and régulation and discusses the relationship between the sharing economy and the concept of digital governance. Then, after presenting selected positive and negative effects of the sharing economy, regulatory instruments are identified. The summary indicates possible directions for further research.
The purpose of this chapter is to analyse approaches to the sharing economy from the perspective of public policy science. In the first part of the text, attention is paid to perceiving the development of the emerging sharing economy not only as phenomenon with positive economic effects but also as a set of public problems (e.g., on the labour market and for existing economic structures) that require intervention at the level of national governments as well as at international level. Subsequent sections identify possible actions for regulating the development of the sharing economy. The role of soft law, stakeholders' networks, self-regulation and standardisation are discussed in the chapter. The summary includes potential directions for further research.
Social innovations are usually understood as new ideas, initiatives, or solutions that make it possible to meet the challenges of societies in fields such as social security, education, employment, culture, health, environment, housing, and economic development. On the one hand, many citizen science activities serve to achieve scientific as well as social and educational goals. Thus, these actions are opening an arena for introducing social innovations. On the other hand, some social innovations are further developed, adapted, or altered after the involvement of scientist-supervised citizens (laypeople or volunteers) in research and with the use of the citizen science tools and methods such as action research, crowdsourcing, and community-based participatory research. Such approaches are increasingly recognized as crucial for gathering data, addressing community needs, and creating engagement and cooperation between citizens and professional scientists. However, there are also various barriers to both citizen science and social innovation. For example, management, quality and protection of data, funding difficulties, non-recognition of citizens' contributions, and limited inclusion of innovative research approaches in public policies. In this volume, we open theoretical as well as empirically-based discussion, including examples, practices, and case studies of at least three types of relations between citizen science and social innovation: (1) domination of the citizen science features over social innovation aspects; (2) domination of the social innovation features over the citizen science aspects; and (3) the ways to achieve balance and integration between the social innovation and citizen science features. Each of these relationships highlights factors that influence the development of the main scales of sustainability of innovations in the practice. These innovations are contributing to a new paradigm of learning and sharing knowledge as well as interactions and socio-psychological development of participants. Also, there are factors that influence the development of platforms, ecosystems, and sustainability of innovations such as broad use of the information and communications technologies (ICTs) including robotics and automation; emerging healthcare and health promotion models; advancements in the development and governance of smart, green, inclusive and age-friendly cities and communities; new online learning centers; agri-food, cohousing or mobility platforms; and engagement of citizens into co-creation or co-production of services delivered by public, private, non-governmental (NGOs) organizations as well as non-formal entities.
The presented Research Topic explores the potential of citizen science to contribute to the development of social innovations. It sets the ground for analysis of mutual relations between two strong and embedded in the literature concepts: citizen science and social innovation. Simultaneously, the collection opens a discussion on how these two ideas are intertwined, what are the significant barriers, and the need to use citizen science for social innovation.
This Research Topic focuses on both strengths and weaknesses of social innovation, technological innovation, and health innovation that are increasingly recognized as crucial concepts related to the formulation of responses to the social, health, and environmental challenges. Goals of this Research Topic: (1) to identify and share the best recent practices and innovations related to social, environmental and health policies; (2) to debate on relevant governance modes, management tools as well as evaluation and impact assessment techniques; (3) to discuss dilemmas in the fields of management, financing, designing, implementing, testing, and maintaining the sustainability of innovative models of delivering social, health and care services; and (4) to recognize and analyze social, technological and health innovation that has emerged or has been scaled-up to respond to crisis situations, for example, a pandemic of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease.
Chapter 1. Introduction: The Sharing Economy in Europe from Idea to Reality; Andrzej Klimczuk, Vida Česnuitytė, Cristina Miguel, Gabriela Avram, Bori Simonovits,Mijalche Santa, & Bálint Balázs -- 2. Conceptualisation of the Sharing Economy; Cristina Miguel, Esther Martos-Carrión, Andrzej Klimczuk, & Mijalche Santa -- 3. 3. The Context of Public Policy on the Sharing Economy; Andrzej Klimczuk -- 4. 4. The Regulatory Context and Legal Evolution: The Cases of Airbnb and Uber; Kosjenka Dumančić, & Natalia-Rozalia Avlona -- 5. Infrastructure for the Sharing Economy Spreading; by Vida Česnuitytė, Leta Dromantienė,& Julijana Angelovska -- 6. 6. Mobility and Transportation Sharing; Agnieszka Łukasiewicz, Anikó Bernát, & Vera Lúcia Alves Pereira Diogo -- 7. Peer-to-peer Accommodation in Europe: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities; Anna Farmaki, & Cristina Miguel -- 8. From Uberisation to Commoning: Experiences, Challenges, and Potential Pathways of the Sharing Economy in Food Supply Chains in Europe; Bálint Balázs, & Bori Simonovits -- 9. Unpacking the Financial Services Evolution in the Sharing Economy; Mijalche Santa, & Agnieszka Łukasiewicz -- 10. Education, Information, and Data in the Era of Sharing; Gabriela Avram, & Eglantina Hysa -- 11. Sharing of Material Goods and Household Services; Vida Česnuitytė, Leta Dromantienė, & Anita Čeh Časni -- 12. Solidarity and Care Economy During Times of Crises: A Comparative View Between Hungary and Greece in 2015 and 2020; Penny Travlou, & Anikó Bernát -- 13. Sharing Economy in the Netherlands: Grounding Public Values in Shared Mobility and Gig Work Platforms; Martijn de Waal, & Martijn Arets -- 14. The Sharing Economy in France: From Cooperative Business to Platform Cooperatives; Myriam Lewkowicz, & Jean-Pierre Cahier -- 15. A Critical Perspective on the Sharing Economy in Tourism and the Hospitality Sector in Austria; Malte Höfner, & Rainer Rosegger; 16. Recent Developments in the Collaborative and Sharing Economy in Italy: Old and New Issues After the COVID-19 Crisis; Chiara Bassetti, Cary Yungmee Hendrickson, Monica Postiglione, Giulia Priora, Venere Sanna, & Stefano Valerio -- 17. Albania: Advances in Agriculture and Relation to Food Delivery and Health Sector; Eglantina Hysa, Alba Kruja, & Vera Shikp -- 18. An Examination of the Evolution of Timebanks in the United Kingdom Rodrigo Perez Vega, & Cristina Miguel -- 19. Facing COVID-19 and the Sharing Economy Business Models: Case Study of Poland; Agnieszka Łukasiewicz, & Aleksandra Nadolska -- 20. 20. Conclusion: The State and Future Prospects of the Sharing Economy in Europe; Vida Česnuitytė, Andrzej Klimczuk, Cristina Miguel, Gabriela Avram, Bori Simonovits,Mijalche Santa, & Bálint Balázs.