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Population ageing and increasing employment rates among women have been well known trends for many years in many countries. This latter development means that the share of couples nearing retirement where both partners are working has been increasing. Surprisingly, little attention has been devoted to studying retirement in a couple context in greater detail. This article addresses the question whether and how couples coordinate their transitions from working life into retirement and which factors to consider when examining (non-)joint retirement patterns. The aim of this article is to improve the understanding of the complex interactions taking place in couple retirement processes that touch on the work and family sphere and to promote areas of future research along these lines. It contributes to the scholarly debate by providing a comprehensive summary of research devoted to studying couple retirement patterns and its antecedents from a life course perspective. To this end, research literature from more than 25 years is taken into account and various conceptual, theoretical and empirical aspects of couple retirement processes are discussed. Readers are provided with an overview of the concept of joint retirement, an idea of how widespread joint retirement is, and which factors to consider when studying retirement timing from a couple perspective.

The steadily rising share of older voters could lead to them gaining an ever increasing level of political representation compared to younger voters not only because of the imbalance of numbers between the young and the old, but also because turnout rates among the old have always been above-average. The latter argument only applies if the so-called life cycle effect is assumed to be dominant. However, diverse socialisation backgrounds, captured by the cohort effect, also have to be taken into account. It is also unclear what the interplay of these two effects of time implies for future aggregate turnout. Focusing on the German case, we base our analyses on the Reprasentative Wahlstatistik (Representative Electoral Statistic, RES) and population forecasts to estimate consequences of the demographic shifts for all federal elections from 1953 until today, as well as for future elections. First, we calculate life cycle, cohort and period effects on turnout for previous elections by using cohort analysis; second, we apply these net effects to the future age distribution under certain assumptions concerning life cycle and cohort effects. Our results show that the recent decline in turnout is in particular due to negative period effects and (in West Germany) to a minor extent also due to consequences of cohort replacement, whereas changes in the age structure have had a positive effect on turnout since 1990 in both parts of Germany. Additionally, our forecasts suggest that turnout rates will decline and that the over-representation of the old will continue until around 2030 and diminish afterwards in a "greying" population. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]

Demographic change is one of the biggest challenges with regard to social and economic developments in Germany. The public debate mainly focuses on negative effects for social security systems. However, analyzing potential results of an ageing population for political attitudes and political behavior of the citizenry does not play a major role in scientific research so far. Based on a recent survey this article first examines age-specific differences in individual political attitudes. Second, we analyze possible determinants of age-specific party vote choice. We find age-specific attitudes, which -- at least in part -- do have an impact on party choice. Adapted from the source document.

Der Anteil an Paaren jenseits der 50, bei denen beide Partner erwerbstätig sind, ist in der Vergangenheit stark gestiegen und wird voraussichtlich auch zukünftig weiter steigen. Derzeit sind bei mehr als der Hälfte aller Paare zwischen 50 und 69 Jahren beide Partner erwerbstätig (1996 waren es nur 25 Prozent) und bei jedem vierten Paar in diesem Alter sind beide voll erwerbstätig. In Ostdeutschland liegt dieser Anteil sogar bei knapp 40 Prozent. Der gemeinsame Übergang vom Beruf in den Ruhestand wird daher für immer mehr Menschen zu einem Lebensprojekt. Dies gilt insbesondere für Paare mit einem großen Altersabstand. Die Synchronisierung des Renteneintritts zwischen Partnern kann zu Abweichungen vom Regelalter des Renteneintritts führen und ist daher auch sozialpolitisch relevant.