The results of this study point to a number of limitations in the consultation with the Sámi, such as incomplete information, lack of transparency and the failure of governments to build relationships based on trust with the Sámi. The article discusses limitations and opportunities of consulting Indigenous peoples based on two cases, the Arctic Railway and Davvi Vindpark. It builds on the analysis of news articles from the Sámi unit of the Finnish national broadcasting company as well as "memory-work." Additionally, the findings of this study seem to indicate that the limitations to consultation and participation of Indigenous peoples persist even after signing international agreements such as the ILO Convention No. 169. In the conclusions, we also point to some opportunities for consultation and greater participation found in the investigation. ; publishedVersion
In this article, we propose a history of Sámi journalism and news media as a step in the direction of analysing the existing media system in Sápmi. Numerous Sámi activists and organisations have contributed to the establishment and running of Sámi media – in interaction, cooperation, and conflict with external actors such as missionaries, investors, and state institutions. This has resulted in a rich and vivid Sámi media environment and infrastructure, with many of the characteristics of a media system. However, fundamental processes governing the Sámi media system are subjected to regulations, procedures, and institutions external to Sámi society. This article calls for greater Sámi self-determination over key elements of the media system. ; publishedVersion
Each year local and national economies throughout the world lose billions of dollars through so-called illicit financial flows. Conservative estimates indicate that over a billion dollars are diverted illegitimately out of countries in the Southern Hemisphere every year. This diversion of revenue reinforces poverty while facilitating the concentration of authority in the hands a select few through corruption and abuse of power. The authors' objective with this book is to increase transparency in finance and global financial transactions. Understanding the phenomenon of illicit financial flows requires input from several disciplines including law, finance and economics, and much of what is known about illicit financial flows is thanks to whistleblowers and investigative journalists. This anthology highlights journalism about illicit, global financial activity from an interdisciplinary perspective. In conveying the experiences of whistleblowers and investigative journalists who have been involved with the Panama Papers, Paradise Papers, Lux Leaks and Swiss Leaks, the contributing authors underscore the need for journalism students to also learn the basics of economics, finance and law if they are to be able to carry out investigative projects in an increasingly more globalized economy. In the first part of the book, investigative journalists describe their work to expose corruption and capital flight, and whistleblowers in some of the most significant cases tell their stories, while lawyers and accountants explain what needs to be done at the legislative level. In the second half of the book, analyses of revelations of corruption and illegitimate financial flows are presented. The authors explore themes including the value of investigative journalism, new journalistic methods, inadequate protections for whistleblowers and the education of investigative journalists. This book will be of interest to anyone concerned about illicit financial flows, but especially to journalists, journalism students and journalism instructors seeking an understanding of what it takes to reveal the mechanisms behind illicit, global flows of wealth. ; publishedVersion
Each year local and national economies throughout the world lose billions of dollars through so-called illicit financial flows. Conservative estimates indicate that over a billion dollars are diverted illegitimately out of countries in the Southern Hemisphere every year. This diversion of revenue reinforces poverty while facilitating the concentration of authority in the hands a select few through corruption and abuse of power. The authors' objective with this book is to increase transparency in finance and global financial transactions. Understanding the phenomenon of illicit financial flows requires input from several disciplines including law, finance and economics, and much of what is known about illicit financial flows is thanks to whistleblowers and investigative journalists. This anthology highlights journalism about illicit, global financial activity from an interdisciplinary perspective. In conveying the experiences of whistleblowers and investigative journalists who have been involved with the Panama Papers, Paradise Papers, Lux Leaks and Swiss Leaks, the contributing authors underscore the need for journalism students to also learn the basics of economics, finance and law if they are to be able to carry out investigative projects in an increasingly more globalized economy. In the first part of the book, investigative journalists describe their work to expose corruption and capital flight, and whistleblowers in some of the most significant cases tell their stories, while lawyers and accountants explain what needs to be done at the legislative level. In the second half of the book, analyses of revelations of corruption and illegitimate financial flows are presented. The authors explore themes including the value of investigative journalism, new journalistic methods, inadequate protections for whistleblowers and the education of investigative journalists. This book will be of interest to anyone concerned about illicit financial flows, but especially to journalists, journalism students and journalism instructors seeking an understanding of what it takes to reveal the mechanisms behind illicit, global flows of wealth. ; publishedVersion
¿Qué es lo que motiva a investigadores de las ciencias sociales de un país pequeño, periférico y lejano como Noruega a estudiar fenómenos sociales en América Latina? ¿En qué medida podemos decir que el pensamiento social noruego forma parte de un proyecto hegemónico occidental de conocimiento? ¿Poseen realmente algo en común los investigadores que, que por nacimiento o (mala) suerte tienen a Noruega como su base geográfica para su labor académica? Estas son algunas de las preguntas que exploramos en este libro. El propósito es analizar el pensamiento social noruego sobre América Latina en el contexto de la geopolítica noruega – aquí interpretada como "la geopolítica del débil"-, las políticas de cooperación y desarrollo, así como las diferentes corrientes académicas e ideológicas de índole internacional. Eso se hace a través de capítulos que tratan, entre otras temáticas: pensamiento social noruego anterior a las ciencias sociales; estudios sobre conflictos sociales y paz; estudios sobre los gobiernos izquierdistas; estudios sobre desarrollo; estudios agrarios y movimientos rurales; estudios sobre justicia; estudios sobre democracia y clivajes políticos; y estudios indígenas. Entre los principales hallazgos, lo más llamativo no son las características de las ideas noruegas sobre América Latina, sino la influencia que las ideas y las teorías sociales latinoamericanas han tenido en el mundo académico noruego. Eso se puede ver en diversos casos, desde el estructuralismo cepalino hasta las ideas de buen vivir. A pesar de la diversidad, se puede observar que distintos académicos noruegos se han acercado al estudio de América Latina como una región dividida –entre indígenas y no indígenas, entre mujeres y hombres, entre lo rural y lo urbano, entre oprimidos y opresores, entre víctimas y agresores, o entre ricos y pobres. Muchas de las investigaciones noruegas se han enfocado en las razones y la naturaleza de esas divisiones, y cómo son – o pueden ser– superadas. Esto se evidencia en la búsqueda y centralidad de la presencia del Estado, que también refleja la confianza noruega en el Estado benefactor. La presente obra es un aporte fundamental a entender esta relación entre dos regiones distantes, pero que cultivan un siempre enriquecedor diálogo académico.
This article reflects on the role of media in the re-imagination and reproduction (reconstruction) of Norwegian identities and communities with a particular focus on how young people within diasporas follow news on war and conflict in their (or their parents') countries of origin. The research employs focus groups with young people from the Pakistani, Afghan, and Tamil Diasporas, and also online surveys. The three groups share the experience of trying to build a life in another country (Norway), while their family and friends in the "homeland" experience political violence and civil war. We identify a notable sense of frustration and skepticism towards Norwegian media. The informants actively use international media and media from the homeland, and often find these more reliable and providing more relevant information than Norwegian media. They also voice a strong critique of the ways in which the media react when "the others" are victims of violence, and several participants react negatively towards the neglect of positive reporting from their respective homelands, and to media hostility towards Muslims ; This article is licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND license
Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der norwegischen Berichterstattung über den Bürgerkrieg in Guatemala und den Friedensprozess in der Zeit von 1990 bis 1997. Der Autor hat alle Dokumente im Archiv des norwegischen Außenministeriums aus den späten 1980er Jahren bis 1995 herangezogen, die sich auf den Friedensprozess in Guatemala beziehen, und die wichtigsten norwegischen und guatemalischen Quellen befragt. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass die norwegischen Quellen die Berichterstattung über Guatemala durchweg bestimmten. Das constructed understanding des norwegischen Engagements korrespondierte mit der Stimmung der norwegischen Gesellschaft. Die norwegischen Journalisten verließen sich völlig auf ihre Diplomaten und Vermittler, nicht nur was die Informationen als solche betraf, sondern auch bei der Interpretation der Informationen. ; This article deals with Norwegian journalism on the Guatemalan civil war and the peace process from 1990 to 1997. The author has examined all documents regarding the peace process in Guatemala registered in the archive of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from the late 1980s to 1995 and interviewed most of the relevant Norwegian and Guatemalan sources. The results of the study show that Norwegian sources consistently dominated the reporting on Guatemala. The constructed understandings of Norwegian engagement with war and peace in Guatemala resonated with deep sentiments within Norwegian society. Norwegian journalists came to rely heavily on Norwegian diplomats and facilitators, not only for information, but also for the interpretation of the information.
Subcomandante Marcos and other Zapatistas have on numerous occasions discussed the clash between "Northern" perspectives on revolution and the world, and indigenous reality. Understanding the meaning, for the insurgency, of the indigenous culture of the Zapatista support base has also been a major topic in the writing of many supporters of, and visitors to, the Zapatistas. But such an understanding of the history of the Zapatistas has consequences for our understanding of the conflicts between guerrilla organizations and indigenous peoples in Guatemala and Nicaragua during the 80s and 90s. This article seeks to contribute to our understanding of such issues based on studies of the Zapatistas and similar encounters between guerrilleros and indigenous peoples in Nicaragua and Guatemala. A better understanding of the clash between "Northern" perspectives and indigenous realities is a necessary prerequisite for understanding why some movements fail and others succeed. The relationship between armed groups and indigenous peoples had a powerful effect on the outcomes of the civil wars in the region. The root causes for the problems between indigenous peoples and guerrilla organizations are sought in, among other things, militaristic guerrilla organisations, marked by hierarchical, centralised and inflexible structures which did not facilitate the processes of learning. Learning to understand indigenous peoples and their worldviews would have been necessary to avoid the type of self-destructive behaviour that is described in this article. The experiences from Nicaragua, Guatemala and Mexico raises some important questions for future research on social movements also elsewhere: Who do the movements represent? What type of communication and learning goes on within the social movement? Are certain groups excluded from fully participating?
Homophobia among certain men could be understood as a reactionary form of social resilience, insofar as such resilience can work against adaptation and social transformation. Resilience is again closely related to the concept of ' sus- tainability ' . Many fans position the expression of negativity towards gays as a heroic struggle against ' political correctness ' and in defence of freedom of thought and speech. But it should also be seen as a strategic action to manipulate the feelings of opponents in order to win. In a time of global hyper commodi fi - cation, the paramount goal of winning stimulates strategic actions that contribute to shaping norms and values. ; This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Krøvel, R. (2015). Fighting strategic homophobia in football. Soccer & Society, 1-15. [copyright Taylor & Francis], available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/14660970.2015.1100437