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AbstractVertically overlapping governments share the same tax base, which may generate fiscal spillovers in tax, spending, or debt decisions. Various studies have tested the fiscal commons effect in this context, though the findings remain inconclusive. This paper uses a regression discontinuity design to address empirical challenges in fiscal spillover research. We focus on bond referendums of Texas cities, counties, school districts, and water districts and identify the effect of exogenous increases in debt and property taxes induced by successful bond measures. We find no evidence of spillovers for bond measures, election results, property taxes, or overall revenue, spending, and indebtedness. Successful bond measures do not affect the shared property tax base, which suggests that the benefit view of property tax may explain the lack of vertical spillover.

Mail questionnaire data from 1,321 recipients of Woodrow Wilson Graduate Fellowships between 1945 & 1972 on their recollections of significant Cold War events & movement experiences during the 1960s were subjected to a principal component analysis, yielding a cluster of "generational" experiences. This cluster exhibits a moderate curvilinear r with political attitudes, peaking in the 1946 birth cohort, & suggesting that this group was most affected by the turbulent 1960s. However, such cohort-specific influences were consistently overshadowed by the early commitment to activism as a result of family & peer influences. Thus, the data provide only mild support for Karl Mannheim's analysis of ideological change (see "The Problem of Generations" in Kecskemeti, Paul [Ed], Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1952), & are in most other respects consistent with studies of activists. 4 Tables, 26 References. Modified AA