Suchergebnisse

El propósito de la investigación consistió en indagar sobre las representaciones sociales, culturales y étnicas de la población negra, afrocolombiana y palenquera en la ciudad de Cartagena, intentando analizar los espacios de construcción identitaria, que fomentan los colectivos de defensa de esta población y los ejes discursivos desde los cuales demandan una ciudadanía diferenciada étnica-racial negra. En este sentido, el presente informe da cuenta de las acepciones asociadas a la ciudadanía y a la ciudadanía diferenciada y de las convergencias y divergencias de apreciaciones sobre la intervención y el acceso a derechos diferenciados como colectividad étnica-racial negra. Develar estas concepciones implicó la comprensión de las narraciones, considerando la forma particular en que es significada y representada la realidad social, económica, política y cultural de esta población negra, por parte de las personas entrevistadas. Estas apreciaciones por parte de las personas entrevistadas, permitieron a su vez, interpretar como de manera discursiva centran sus reclamaciones en el orden del reconocimiento cultural de esta población étnica-racial negra y el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de esta población, garantizando el acceso a los servicios sociales del Estado, acudiendo en ocasiones, al principio de igualdad sin la generación de tratos diferenciados y en otras narraciones centrando la reflexión en la diferencia cultural para la implementación de mecanismos sustentados en la Discriminación Positiva que permitan reparar las situaciones de exclusión social, racismo, discriminación racial y desigualdades sociales que de manera histórica han afectado a esta población. / The purpose of the research was to investigate the social, cultural and ethnic representations of the black, Afro-Colombian and palenquera populations in the city of Cartagena, and to analyze spaces of identity construction that promote the collective defense of these populations, and the discursive axes from which they demand a differentiated citizenship based on a black ethno-racial identity. In this sense, this report reveals the meanings associated with citizenship and differentiated citizenship, as well as the convergences and divergences in views about policies regarding and access to differentiated rights based on a collective black ethno-racial identity. Uncovering these conceptions required an interpretation of narratives, considering the particular ways in which the social, economic, political and cultural reality of the black population is signified and represented by those interviewed for this research. The perspectives of interviewees allowed, in turn, for the interpretation of the discursive manner in which they focused their claims in matters of cultural recognition of the black population, the improvement of the quality of life of this population, and ensuring access to social services provided by the state. At times, interviewees made claims to the principle of equality without the generation of differentiated treatment, while other narratives centered reflection on cultural differences that suggested the implementation of mechanisms based on a principle of Positive Discrimination, which could redress the situations of social exclusion, racism, racial discrimination and social inequalities that have historically affected this population. ; Maestría

This article examines the different forms of criminal violence that affect fragile states, with special reference to Yemen. The article is particularly interested in analysing the relationship between violent offending with no clear political motive, underdevelopment and conflict. It does so by conducting an in-depth evaluation of conflict and crime in Yemen, using publically accessible data to suggest new ways of understanding violent criminal behaviour in Yemen and elsewhere. This article is written in response to a prioritisation of political violence, insurgency and terrorism in international development and stabilisation strategies, which has emerged alongside the broad securitisation of international aid. Common forms of criminal violence have been overlooked in a number of fragile contexts, as they have been in Yemen. In light of rising levels of insecurity, resulting from poor relationships between the state and its citizens, there is a need to re-evaluate this unstated omission if the new Yemeni Government is to gain increased legitimacy by being seen to prioritise the protection of its citizens.

Background: despite evidence-based national guidelines for ADHD in the United Kingdom (UK), ADHD is under-identified, under-diagnosed, and under-treated. Many seeking help for ADHD face prejudice, long waiting lists, and patchy or unavailable services, and are turning to service-user support groups and/or private healthcare for help. Methods: a group of UK experts representing clinical and healthcare providers from public and private healthcare, academia, ADHD patient groups, educational, and occupational specialists, met to discuss shortfalls in ADHD service provision in the UK. Discussions explored causes of under-diagnosis, examined biases operating across referral, diagnosis and treatment, together with recommendations for resolving these matters. Results: cultural and structural barriers operate at all levels of the healthcare system, resulting in a de-prioritization of ADHD. Services for ADHD are insufficient in many regions, and problems with service provision have intensified as a result of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has established a range of adverse outcomes of untreated ADHD, and associated long-term personal, social, health and economic costs are high. The consensus group called for training of professionals who come into contact with people with ADHD, increased funding, commissioning and monitoring to improve service provision, and streamlined communication between health services to support better outcomes for people with ADHD. Conclusions: evidence-based national clinical guidelines for ADHD are not being met. People with ADHD should have access to healthcare free from discrimination, and in line with their legal rights. UK Governments and clinical and regulatory bodies must act urgently on this important public health issue.

Publisher's version (útgefin grein) ; Background: Despite evidence-based national guidelines for ADHD in the United Kingdom (UK), ADHD is under-identified, under-diagnosed, and under-treated. Many seeking help for ADHD face prejudice, long waiting lists, and patchy or unavailable services, and are turning to service-user support groups and/or private healthcare for help. Methods: A group of UK experts representing clinical and healthcare providers from public and private healthcare, academia, ADHD patient groups, educational, and occupational specialists, met to discuss shortfalls in ADHD service provision in the UK. Discussions explored causes of under-diagnosis, examined biases operating across referral, diagnosis and treatment, together with recommendations for resolving these matters. Young et al. Failure of ADHD Healthcare Provision Results: Cultural and structural barriers operate at all levels of the healthcare system, resulting in a de-prioritization of ADHD. Services for ADHD are insufficient in many regions, and problems with service provision have intensified as a result of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has established a range of adverse outcomes of untreated ADHD, and associated long-term personal, social, health and economic costs are high. The consensus group called for training of professionals who come into contact with people with ADHD, increased funding, commissioning and monitoring to improve service provision, and streamlined communication between health services to support better outcomes for people with ADHD. Conclusions: Evidence-based national clinical guidelines for ADHD are not being met. People with ADHD should have access to healthcare free from discrimination, and in line with their legal rights. UK Governments and clinical and regulatory bodies must act urgently on this important public health issue. ; The meeting was jointly funded by the ADHD Foundation, the UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN), and the UK ADHD Partnership (UKAP). Other than reimbursement of travel expenses to attend the meeting, none of the authors received any financial compensation for attending the meeting or writing the manuscript, aside from CS who was remunerated for her time. PA was supported by NIHR Biomedical Research Center for Mental Health, NIHR/MRC (14/23/17) and NIHR senior investigator award (NF-SI-0616-10040). TN-D was funded by an NIHR Advanced Fellowship (NIHR300056). The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care. ; Peer Reviewed (ritrýnd grein)