Suchergebnisse

Making human rights intelligible : an introduction to a sociology of human rights /Mikael Rask Madsen and Gert Verschraegen --State building, constitutional rights and the social construction of norms : outline for a sociology of constitutions /Chris Thornhill --Differentiation and inclusion : a neglected sociological approach to fundamental rights /Gert Verschraegen --Beyond prescription : toward a reflexive sociology of human rights /Mikael Rask Madsen --Human rights between brute fact and articulated aspiration /Paul Stenner --International human rights versus democracy promotion : on two different meanings of human rights in US foreign policy /Nicolas Guilhot --Towards a socio-legal analysis of the European Convention on Human Rights /Steven Greer --In defence of societies /Judith Blau and Alberto Moncada --From citizenship to human rights to human rights education /Francisco O. Ramirez and Rennie Moon --(Human) rights and solidarity : restructuring the national welfare space /Frederik Thuesen --Adapting locally to international health and human rights standards : an alternative theoretical framework for progressive realisation /Lesley A. Jacobs --"Legal form" and the purchase of human rights discourse in domestic policy-making : the achievement of same-sex marriage in Canada /Luke McNamara --Activating the law : exploring the legal responses of NGOs to gross rights violations /Loveday Hodson --The complexities of human rights implementation within the Costa Rican police system /Quirine Eijkman.

Leading scholars and practitioners cast new light on the substantial jurisprudence and ongoing political reform of the European Court of Human Rights. The analysis in this edited collection traces the development of the supranational European human rights system and provides original insights into the challenges facing the Court.

With globalization and Europeanization, profound changes have taken place in the composition and structure of elites. Once solidly tied to the nation state, elites have, following processes of differentiation and specialization, become more transnational than ever before. Their development has been conditioned by the evolving relationship between international, transnational, and national powers. In the European context, key institutional players today include the European Commission, the European Ombudsman and the European Court of Justice as aspiring representatives of the general European interest and the Council of Ministers and member states as representing national interests in the EU. Their relationship and changing interfaces are crucial when assessing the development of non-elected political elites as well as more generally the rise of an institutionalized and integrated Europe. ; peerReviewed

"Law and the Formation of Modern Europe explores processes of legal construction in both the national and supranational domains, and it provides an overview of the modern European legal order. In its supranational focus, it examines the sociological pressures which have given rise to European public law, the national origins of key transnational legal institutions and the elite motivations driving the formation of European law. In its national focus, it addresses legal questions and problems which have assumed importance in parallel fashion in different national societies, and which have shaped European law more indirectly. Examples of this are the post-1914 transformation of classical private law, the rise of corporatism, the legal response to the post-1945 legacy of authoritarianism, the emergence of human rights law and the growth of judicial review. This two-level sociological approach to European law results in unique insights into the dynamics of national and supranational legal formation"--

This article examines the political and legal processes through which human rights and migration law have become confounded – what we in this article more generally refer to as regime entanglement. Regime entanglement implies that different areas of law not only interact but are more fundamentally entwined and mutually impacted. Human rights and migration have historically had distinct trajectories in European law and politics, but the recent coupling of the two, we argue, have transformed both. Migration law has gained legal momentum and judicial empowerment from increasingly engaging human rights law and institutions; human rights law has gained legitimacy for its universalist aspirations by developing, albeit slowly, a jurisprudence on non-nationals' rights. Yet, the coupling has also been politically contentious – at times even explosive – which has in turn challenged both fields of law. Although this entanglement is a general European development, the article applies a more situated approach, using Denmark as a case for understanding how these two legal regimes have been implemented and interacted in national law and politics.

"Mainstream legal scholarship on the European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU) has long been dominated by meta-narratives and grand theories to explain European legal integration as a necessary, if not self-evident, process toward ever greater integration. The directional pull of these functional narratives, whether termed as Europeanization, federalization, or constitutionalization, is one towards an ever-closer Union, thereby replicating the original teleology of the Rome Treaty (1957). Although there are theoretical differences among these explanations, notably between intergovernmental and neo-functionalist narratives, most scholars agree that one particular institutional actor has played an outsized role: the European Court of Justice (ECJ), now the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) since the Lisbon Treaty (2009) that includes the Court of Justice, the General Court. For the same reasons, the CJEU has become a coveted object of inquiry for studies of European integration and governance. We have for years learned about its role in constitutionalizing Europe, establishing the supremacy of European law, creating a system of supranational governance, and the new types of litigation and mobilization spurred by the ECJ"--

An innovative, interdisciplinary and far-reaching examination of the actual reality of international courts, International Court Authority challenges fundamental preconceptions about when, why, and how international courts become important and authoritative actors in national, regional, and international politics. A stellar group of scholars investigate the challenges that international courts face in transforming the formal legal authority conferred by states into an actual authority in fact that is respected by potential litigants, national actors, legal communities, and publics. Alter, Helfer, and Madsen provide a novel framework for conceptualizing international court authority that focuses on the reactions and practices of these key audiences. Eighteen scholars from the disciplines of law, political science and sociology apply this framework to study thirteen international courts operating in Africa, Latin America, and Europe, as well as on a global level. Together the contributors document and explore important and interesting variations in whether the audiences that interact with international courts around the world embrace or reject the rulings of these judicial institutions. Alter, Helfer, and Madsen's authority framework recognizes that international judges can and often do everything they 'should' do to ensure that their rulings possess the gravitas and stature that national courts enjoy. Yet even when imbued with these characteristics, the parties to the dispute, potential future litigants, and the broader set of actors that monitor and respond to the court's activities may fail to acknowledge the rulings as binding or take meaningful steps to modify their behaviour in response to them. For both specific judicial institutions, and more generally, the book documents and explains why most international courts possess de facto authority that is partial, variable, and highly dependent on a range of different audiences and contexts - and thus is highly fragile.

Armut, Entwicklung, Terrorismus und Behinderung - alles wird in einen menschenrechtlichen Bezugsrahmen gestellt. Seit wann sind Menschenrechte zu einem globalen Leitwert avanciert und weshalb? Der erste soziologische Band zu Menschenrechten im deutschsprachigen Raum geht dieser Frage aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven nach: Er vermittelt einerseits einen Überblick über wichtige theoretische Ansätze wie dem Neo-Institutionalismus, der Systemtheorie und Hans Joas' Genealogie der Menschenrechte. Anderseits versammelt er empirische Fallstudien etwa zu Indigenenrechten, der Entstehung der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte, zu den Arbeitsrechten der ILO und den Rechtsverletzungen in extraterritorialen Räumen am Beispiel der Hohen See.

Die Reihe Studien zur Weltgesellschaft bietet ein Forum für die im deutschen Sprachraum bisher verstreut veröffentlichten Beiträge zur soziologischen Globalisierungs- und Weltgesellschaftsforschung. Sie knüpft an etablierte Programme an, wie die neo-institutionalistische World-Polity-Forschung und die systemtheoretische Soziologie der Weltgesellschaft, und zielt zugleich auf die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit allen sozialund geschichtswissenschaftlichen Forschungsprogrammen, die theoriebewusst globale Strukturen und Dynamiken analysieren. Studien zu globalen Institutionen und Diffusionsprozessen finden daher ebenso Eingang wie Untersuchungen zu transnationalen Bewegungen und Netzwerken sowie historische Fallstudien zu Kolonialismus, Imperialismus und der Entstehung moderner Nationalstaaten.

La Constitution européenne est entrée avec fracas dans les boîtes aux lettres et dans les urnes. Rarement auparavant l'Europe avait nourri autant de conversations, de controverses et de conflits. Rarement auparavant les citoyens européens avaient autant parlé droit, principes, valeurs et destin communs. Rarement auparavant un texte de traité avait cristallisé autant d'espoirs et de craintes, suscité autant de prophéties et de prophylaxies, noué autant de « drames » et de « coups de théâtre ». Ce « moment constituant » marque un élargissement sans précédent des cercles sociaux désormais intéressés à l'Europe. Plutôt que de s'essayer aux jeux des « leçons » à tirer d'un échec encore incertain ou des « remèdes » à apporter à une crise toujours ambiguë, sur les voies possibles d'une relance européenne toujours d'actualité, ce livre restitue le moment constituant pour lui-même, c'est-à-dire pour ce qu'il permet de comprendre des dynamiques et des transformations à l'œuvre dans l'Union européenne. En analysant les élites, les mobilisations et les votes qui ont donné corps à ce moment d'Europe singulier, les contributions de ce livre font ainsi le portrait des différents mondes sociaux européens saisis par la Constitution. Derrière le « ballet diplomatique » officiel, ces contributions suivent la trame et la chronologie mouvante et complexe des groupes et des enceintes où se discute et où se joue le sort de la Constitution. Au sein de la Convention et des institutions de l'Union européenne, bien entendu, les premières investies dans la négociation et la rédaction du texte constitutionnel. Mais aussi parmi les univers sociaux nationaux et internationaux les plus divers, à leur tour saisis par la dynamique de politisation de l'Europe : les « eurosceptiques » et les « altermondialistes », les militants catholiques et les militants socialistes, et les électeurs français. Ces contributions retracent la genèse de réseaux transnationaux structurés autour d'enjeux aussi variés que la constitutionnalisation des traités, la société civile européenne, l'Europe des régions, l'héritage chrétien ou la critique du néo-libéralisme. Elles permettent enfin de mieux comprendre l'articulation des intérêts et des clivages, des opportunités et des investissements, bref la dynamique d'entraînement et d'intensification qui a fait de cette réforme institutionnelle un enjeu saillant.La Constitution européenne est un révélateur de la généalogie et de la géographie composite et conflictuelle des acteurs et des représentations qui font aujourd'hui l'Europe.