Suchergebnisse

Одним з основних викликів сьогодення, який об'єднав навколо себе науковців в усьому світі, є негативний вплив людської діяльності на навколишнє середовище. Під впливом цих обставин, останнім часом широкого поширення набула концепція «зеленої» економіки, яку вважають складовою частиною або продовженням ідеї сталого розвитку. До «зеленої» економіки відносять ті види і результати господарської діяльності, які поряд з модернізацією і підвищенням ефективності виробництва сприяють поліпшенню якості життя та середовища проживання, за рахунок значного зниження екологічних ризиків.Підходи «зеленої» економіки протягом останніх років отримали широке використання у розвинених країнах при розробці економічних та екологічних програм розвитку окремих міст і регіонів, робляться значні обсяги інвестицій в однин з основних секторів «зеленої» економіки – відновлювальну енергію. Стало зрозумілим, що комфорт та добробут кожної окремої людини залежить від середовища її життя. Однак на Україні недостатньо уваги приділяється розвитку «зеленої» економіки, а національні підприємства бачать в ній лише обмеження, а не можливості, для свого бізнесу.В статті дано визначення поняттю «зеленої» економіки та досліджено її місце серед суміжних економічних концепцій. Представлено систематизацію напрямків екологічно орієнтованого розвитку господарюючих суб'єктів в руслі «зеленої» економіки, а також визначення переліку ключових положень і підходів «зеленої» економіки, які будуть забезпечувати подальше сталий економічний розвиток курортно-туристичної сфери України. Виконано аналіз особливостей використання підходів «зеленої» економіки стосовно до курортних та туристичних територій. Доведено, що вони одночасно є генераторами значних прибутків, але також і вимагають захисту. В якості методології досліджень використані методи системного аналізу, а також порівняльні та економіко-статистичні методи аналізу. ; One of the main challenges of today in today's world, which united the scientists around the world, is the negative impact of human activities on the environment. Under these circumstances, in recent times, the concept of a «green» economy, which is considered as an integral part or a continuation of the idea of sustainable development, has become widespread. The «green» economy includes those types and results of economic activity, which, along with the modernization and increase in the efficiency of production, contribute to the improvement of the quality of life and habitat, due to significant reduction of environmental risks.In recent years, the «green» economy approaches have been widespread in developed countries for developing the programs of economic development and environment improvement of individual cities and regions, and considerable investments have been made to one of the main sectors of the green economy - renewable energy. It became clear that the well-being of individual people depends on a place where he lives. However, in Ukraine government and the entrepreneurs do not pay enough attention to the development of the «green» economy, and national companies consider it as a restriction for their interests rather than an opportunity for the development of their businesses.The article defines the concept of the «green» economy and explores its place among the related economic concepts. It presents the systematization of the directions of ecologically oriented development of economic actors in the context of the «green» economy, as well as the definition of a list of key provisions and approaches of the «green» economy, which will ensure the further sustainable economic development of the resort and tourism sector of Ukraine. An analysis of the peculiarities of using the «green» economy approaches in relation to the resort and tourist territories is performed. It is proved that they are both generators of significant profits, but also require protection. As methodology of research methods of system analysis, as well as comparative and economic-statistical methods of analysis are used.

The carbon-to-oxygen relationship and gas exchange balance, organic carbon to CO2 conversion intensity and efficiency, and their relevance to climate parameters and wood decay fungi were investigated for birch woody debris (WD) in the Mid-Urals mixed pine and birch forests. It was shown that, within the range of temperatures from 10 to 40◦ C and relative moisture (RM) of wood of 40% and 70%, aerobic gas exchange was observed in the WD, encompassing the physiologically entwined processes of CO2 emission and O2 uptake. Their volumetric ratio (0.9) confirmed that (1) the WD represents a globally significant CO2 source and appropriate O2 consumer and (2) the oxidative conversion of organic carbon is highly efficient in the WD, with an average ratio of CO2 released to O2 consumed equal to 90%. The balance of carbon-to-oxygen gas exchange and oxidizing conversion efficiency in the WD were not affected by either fungal species tested or by moisture or temperature. However, the intensity of gas exchange was unique for each wood decay fungi, and it could be treated as a climate-reliant parameter driven by temperature (Q10 = 2.0–2.1) and moisture (the latter induced a corresponding trend and value changes in CO2 emission and O2 uptake). Depending on the direction and degree of the change in temperature and moisture, their combined effect on the intensity of gas exchange led to its strengthening or weakening; otherwise, it was stabilized. Aerobic respiration of wood decay Basidiomycetes is an essential prerequisite and the major biotic factor in the WD gas exchange, while moisture and temperature are its climatic controllers only. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. ; Funding: The research was funded by RFBR, Government of the Sverdlovsk region, project number 20-44-660012, by State Assignment of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS (№ AAAA-A19-119031890084-6), by Program for Improving the Competitiveness of the Ural Federal University (the decree no. 211 of the Government of the Russian ...

A survey of the biodiversity of wood-decaying Basidiomycetes associated with Pinus pumila (the dwarf Siberian pine), a highly characteristic woody plant of Northeast Siberia and the Kamchatka Peninsula, is presented for the first time. Thirty-two species of wood-decaying Basidiomycetes were recorded in the area for this tree, of which twenty-seven were described the first time: 19 species in the Magadan region and 9 in the Kamchatka Peninsula. Communities of wood-decaying fungi associated with P. pumila have low biodiversity and consist of 16 species in the Kamchatka Peninsula and 21 species in the Magadan region, with only 5 of them being common to both areas. All fungi associated with dwarf Siberian pine belong to widespread species and are not specialized to this tree: they are extremely low in numbers and their composition strongly varies in different habitats. This shows that this tree does not have its own specialized and stable complex of wood-decaying Basidiomycetes. ; This study was conducted within the framework of a state contract with the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of RAS, and was partly supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (Act 211, Agreement 02.A03.21.0006)

The article presents new data on the taxonomical, morphological and ecological composition and species diversity of symbiont algae associated with xylotrophic fungi. The largest part of symbionts (86%) are eukaryotic algae belonging to the divisions Chlorophyta (68% of total number of species), Ochrophyta (9%) and Charophyta (8%). The prokaryotic algae, or Cyanoprokaryota, make up the remaining 14% of species. The eukaryotic algae are an obligatory component of mycetobiont communities, whereas Cyanoprokaryota are the optional, facultative part. Out of 46 mycetobiont algae genera, 29 (or 64%) are single-species taxa, while 15 (32%) genera include two or three species. Two genera – Chlamydomonas and Klebsormidium – are represented by 6 and 4 species, respectively. The majority of mycetobiont algae have coccoid (41%) and trichal (33%) thalli, colonial-coccoid (18%) and monadic (8%) algae are rarely observed. All algae species belong to widespread epiphytic, soil and lichenophilic groups that do not require symbiosis with fungi. Obligatory mycetobionts were not observed during the study. Communities of mycetobiont algae have host-specificity and high geographical and individual variability. ; The work has been conducted under the federal government assignment for the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS and partly with the support of the grant from Government of the Russian Federation (Act 211, Agreement 02.A03.21.0006) and RFBR grant № 18-04-00643

Background Mycological research in the Northern part of West Siberia has now become sufficient for review and digitisation as over 460 scientific works have been completed mainly since the beginning of the 20th century. The history of research in the region started from isolated studies at the beginning of the 20th century, but regular and systematic research started from the 1970s. Over the following decades, several dozens of researchers have worked in the area, but the reported occurrences were scattered amongst a broad variety of publications, mainly hardly available. The great need in digitisation and accumulation of fungal records reported in published literature in a standardised regional database has now become evident. The «Fungal records database of the Northern West Siberia» (FuNWS) was initiated in 2016 according to contemporary biodiversity data standards (Darwin Core), to be compatible and accessible by the broad research community. The database has been supplemented ever since by the collective effort of specialists working in the area. According to the database summary report, there are 3358 fungal and fungus-like species revealed in the Northern West Siberia at present. The richest in species number classes are Agaricomycetes (60%) and Lecanoromycetes (33%) with a total of 25 classes represented. The FuNWS database was uploaded to Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (Ygra State University Biological Collection publisher) on 11 November 2017 (earlier titled «Fungal Records Database of Yugra, FReDY») to provide open access to the data and its reusability (Filippova et al. 2020). New information This publication summarises the results of the digitisation of literature-based occurrence records of fungi and fungus-like organisms initiated in the Northern part of West Siberia for the first time in the history of mycological research. The bibliography of regional mycological publications was created to include about 460 published works (Suppl. material 2). In total, about 140 literature sources were digitised and about 22000 occurrence records were integrated into the FuNWS database (Filippova et al. 2020). © Filippova N et al. ; 20-04-00349 ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФР: 18-05-00398 ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФР: 13-01-20/39, 18-44-860017 ; The research was funded by the Russian Fund for Basic Research and Government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous region according to the research project 18-44-860017 and grant 13-01-20/39 of the Yugra State University. Anton G. Shiryaev was partially funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No 18-05-00398 А. Elena A. Zvyagina was supported by the KhMAO – Ugra government assignment for Surgut State University №20-04-00349. А. S. Arefyev was supported by the Fundemental research programme of the Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS VI.52.1. project number AAAA-A17-117050400146-1. The authors are grateful to Ilya Filippov for preparation of a graph.