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World of Warcraft rapidly became one of the most popular online world games on the planet, amassing 11.5 million subscribers—officially making it an online community of gamers that had more inhabitants than the state of Ohio and was almost twice as populous as Scotland. It's a massively multiplayer online game, or MMO in gamer jargon, where each person controls a single character inside a virtual world, interacting with other people's characters and computer-controlled monsters, quest-givers, and merchants. In My Life as a Night Elf Priest, Bonnie Nardi, a well-known ethnographer who has published extensively on how theories of what we do intersect with how we adopt and use technology, compiles more than three years of participatory research in Warcraft play and culture in the United States and China into this field study of player behavior and activity. She introduces us to her research strategy and the history, structure, and culture of Warcraft; argues for applying activity theory and theories of aesthetic experience to the study of gaming and play; and educates us on issues of gender, culture, and addiction as part of the play experience. Nardi paints a compelling portrait of what drives online gamers both in this country and in China, where she spent a month studying players in Internet cafes. Bonnie Nardi has given us a fresh look not only at World of Warcraft but at the field of game studies as a whole. One of the first in-depth studies of a game that has become an icon of digital culture, My Life as a Night Elf Priest will capture the interest of both the gamer and the ethnographer.

This review examines studies of the affordances of digital technologies that produce virtuality. What we can call a "technological turn" in the literature considers technology a first-order analytical object rather than blackboxing it or subsuming it under social process. J.J. Gibson's original concept of affordance is explained, as well as its evolution to a concept consonant with anthropology's concerns. The review probes studies of political activism, work, and play. It comments on how virtuality affects anthropology as a discipline.

Anthropological theories of population growth in underdeveloped countries are considered and it is argued that most studies have concentrated exclusively on either deterministic or self‐regulatory factors in population growth without regard to their probable interaction. A research strategy is proposed in which self‐regulatory factors, especially the decision‐making activities of individual parents, provide a primary focus of study but with careful attention to deterministic factors which constrain and influence the decision process. [population, underdevelopment, biology and self‐regulation in population theory]

RésuméL'inquiétude que suscitent partout dans le monde l'automatisation et son influence sur l'«avenir du travail» découle de certaines idées répandues sur la technologie, l'activité humaine et la valeur économique. Le débat n'est pas nouveau et intéressait déjà des penseurs éminents comme Marx et Keynes. Pour mieux appréhender la situation actuelle, les auteurs réexaminent la question à la lumière de l'histoire du capitalisme. En mettant l'accent sur la place du travail et sur la technologie, ils décrivent des formes cachées de création de valeur dans l'économie contemporaine et abordent certains aspects encore inédits dans le débat historique, avant de présenter plusieurs scénarios possibles pour l'avenir.

ResumenEl miedo a la automatización y al «futuro del trabajo», a la superfluidad de los trabajadores y del ser humano en general, se basa en ideas recurrentes sobre la tecnología, el trabajo y el valor económico. El debate se remonta a destacados pensadores como Karl Marx y John Maynard Keynes. Para entender el momento actual, los autores revisan este debate en relación con la historia del capitalismo. Desde una perspectiva centrada en el trabajo y la tecnología, examinan las formas ocultas de creación de valor en la economía actual y las lagunas del debate histórico, y esbozan varias situaciones hipotéticas de cara al futuro.

AbstractThe current anxiety around the globe regarding automation and "the future of work", the irrelevance of human labour and the superfluity of humans is based on recurring ideas about technology, work and economic value. Not quite novel, the debate on these ideas dates back to prominent thinkers, such as Karl Marx and John Maynard Keynes. To grasp the present moment, therefore, the authors revisit this debate within the broader history of capitalism. With a focus on labour and technology, they bring attention to the hidden forms of value creation in the current economy and to the blind spots of the historical debate, and envision various possible scenarios for the future.

Part 6: Cultural Differences and Communication Technology ; International audience ; China's Internet censorship practices are sophisticated and pervasive. Academic research and media reports have examined the Chinese government's varied, expansive methods of censorship and Chinese citizens' techniques of subverting them, but little attention has been paid to understanding how Chinese citizens think about censorship in their everyday lives. We conducted a qualitative study of Chinese mainland citizens who circumvented censorship. We found seemingly contradictory attitudes and practices among our participants. They showed proficiency at bypassing censorship, but were sometimes comfortable with censored information. They were willing to share sensitive information with others, but saw the benefits of limiting the public's access to information under certain circumstances. We examine how the complex, nuanced attitudes toward censorship resonate with the classic teachings of Confucianism, China's traditional philosophical and ethical system.

This edited collection brings together leading academics in the field to explore the ways in which digital and non-digital artifacts shape how groups and collectives organize. It focuses on the idea of materiality and the interactions between the social and the technical in organizations, at work, and in technologies.

La numérisation de l'économie – comme de la vie quotidienne – a transformé la division du travail entre humains et machines, versant beaucoup de gens dans du travail qui est à la fois caché, mal payé ou accepté comme incombant à « l'usager » de la technologie digitale. À travers clics, balayages, connexions, profils, emails et courriers, nous sommes les participants plus ou moins volontaires à des pratiques digitales dont la valeur profite à d'autres, mais peu ou pas à nous. Hamid Ekbia et Bonnie Nardi nomment hétéromation ce type de participation : l'extraction de valeur économique au moyen de travail pas cher ou gratuit caché sous des apparences d'automation algorithmique. Ils explorent ici les processus sociaux et technologiques par lesquels la valeur est extraite du travail numérisé.