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This study determines which rules and principles govern the relationship between the two basic concepts of the right to self-help and the obligation to settle disputes by peaceful means. Drawing insights from legal as well as political science, the book's

Non-state actors have always been treated with ambivalence in the works of international law. While their empirical existence is widely acknowledged and their impact and influence uncontested, non-state actors are still not in the centre of international legal research. The idea that non-state actors are not law-makers, however, stands in sharp contrast with the growing notion of non-state actors as law-takers. This book examines the position of non-state actors in international law as law-makers and law-takers and questions whether these different positions can or should be separated from each other. Each contribution reveals both the political and normative aspects of the question as well as the positivistic possibilities and constraints to accommodate non-state actors as law-takers and law-makers in the contemporary international legal system. Altogether, each expert reveals that the position of non-state actors in international law is not a fixed one but changes with the functional and theoretical perspectives of the observer. Non-State Actor Dynamics in International Law is a welcomed addition to an under researched field of legal study. An indispensable read to scholars and policy makers wishing to gain new insights into general discourse on non-state actors in international law and the process of norm formation in the international realm. -- Back cover.

How do international organizations support local peacebuilding? Do they really understand conflict? Partners in Peace challenges the global perceptions and assumptions of the roles played by civil society in peacebuilding and offers a radically new perspective on how international organizations can support such efforts. Framing the debate using case studies from Africa and Central America, the author examines different meanings of peacebuilding, the practices and politics of interpreting conflict and how planned interventions work out. Comparing original views with contemporary perceptions of non-state actors, Partners in Peace includes many recommendations for NGOs involved in peacebuilding and constructs a new understanding on how these possible solutions relate to politics and practices on the ground. Concise in both theoretical and empirical analysis, this book is an important contribution to our understanding of civil society's role in building sustainable peace.

Since the end of the Cold War, globalization has brought new actors to the political arena. One of those which has attracted considerable attention in academic research is civil society or NGOs. Claudia Kissling addresses the topic of civil society participation in the nuclear non-proliferation regime. The regime qualifies well for this objective since it features, given its characteristics as a treaty regime in the international security field, notable legal avenues for civil society participation. The study takes on a twofold perspective. It addresses the empirical question of whether civil society can contribute to the evolution of regimes in the security field, especially when it comes to security cooperation. It also questions whether civil society can, under certain conditions, contribute to the democratic quality of international decision-making. Here, empirical findings are used in order to test normative political theories on the legitimacy and democracy of global institutions.

"The Committee of Non-State Actors of the International Law Association (ILA), The Institute for Transborder Studies (ITS) at Kwantlen Polytechnic University, the Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, Oxford Brookes University, in collaboration with the ILA-Canada, the Flemish Scientific Research Fund (FWO, 'the network'), and the Canadian Bar Association-British Columbia Branch are acknowledged for their support and sponsorship of the Conference on The Responsibilities of Non-State Actors in International Law, held at Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 27-28 June 2013, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada at which the papers in this anthology were first presented and discussed."

1. Non-state actors from the perspective of legal positivism : the communitarian semantics for the secondary rules of international law / Jean d'Aspremont -- 2. Non-state actors from an international constitutionalist perspective : participation matters! / Thomas Kleinlein -- 3. Non-state actors from the perspective of a pure theory of law / Jorg Kammerhofer -- 4. Non-state actors from the perspective of the policy-oriented school : power, law, actors and the view from new haven / Antony d'Amato -- 5. Towards an interdisciplinary approach to non-state participation in the formation of global law and order / Math Noortmann -- 6. Non-state actors in French legal scholarship : international legal personality in question / Nicolas Leroux -- 7. Non-state actors in North American legal scholarship : four lessons for the progressive and critical international lawyer / Remi Bachand -- 8. Non-state actors in Southeast Asia : how does civil society contribute towards norm-building in a state-centric environment? / Tan Hsien-Li -- 9. Contemporary Russian perspectives on non-state actors : fear of the loss of state sovereignty / Lauri Malksoo -- 10. Non-state actors from the perspective of the international court of justice / Gleider I. Hernandez -- 11. Non-state actors from the perspective of the international law commission / Gentian Zyberi -- 12. Non-state actors from the perspective of the Institut de Droit International / Francois Rigaux -- 13. Non-state actors from the perspective of international criminal tribunals / Guido Acquaviva -- 14. Non-state actors from the perspective of the International Committee of the Red Cross / Raphael van Steenberghe -- 15. The International Law Association and non-state actors : professional network, public interest group or epistemic community? / Math Noortmann -- 16. NGOs' perspectives on non-state actors / Gaelle Breton-Le Goff -- 17. Non-state actors and human rights : corporate responsibility and the attempts to formalize the role of corporations as participants in the international legal system / Eric de Brabandere -- 18. Non-state actors in international humanitarian law / Cedric Ryngaert -- 19. Non-state actors in international criminal law / Cassandra Steer -- 20. Non-state actors in international institutional law : non-state, inter-state or supra-state? : the peculiar identity of the intergovernmental organization / Richard Collins -- 21. Non-state actors in international peace and security : non-state actors and the use of force / Nicholas Tsagourias -- 22. Non-state actors in international dispute settlement : pragmatism in international law / Eric de Brabandere -- 23. Non-state actors in international investment law : the legal personality of non-state actors in international investment law / Patrick Dumberry and Erik Labelle-Eastaugh -- 24. Non-state actors in international environmental law : a Rousseauist perspective / Makane Moise Mbengue -- 25. Non-state actors in refugee law : l'etat, c'est moi : refugee law as a response to non-state action / Penelope Mathew -- 26. Non-state actors in European law : enhanced participation of non-state actors in EU law-making and law-enforcement processes : a quest for legitimacy / Damien Gerard -- 27. Conclusion : inclusive law-making and law-enforcement processes for an exclusive international legal system / Jean d'Aspremont.

Combining normative analysis and theory-driven empirical research in a comparative framework, this volume clarifies and explains the connections between regional international governance, legitimacy and democracy. It focuses on the quality of democracy and the legitimacy of policy making in multilevel regional systems. The volume offers a much-needed clarification of confusing concepts such as legitimacy, democracy and 'civil society' in non-national political systems. It critically assesses the quality of democracy and legitimacy within different Regional International Organizations (RIOs); it examines how networks of non-state actors become a kind of transnational civil society and assesses their potential for solving legitimacy deficits; and it investigates the impact of democratic conditionality in different RIOs. The contributors deepen our understanding of a relatively new non-state actor on the international scene - the regional international organization - and investigate the potential contribution of transnational non-state actors to the quality of governance at the regional level.

Reinalda, B.; Arts, B.; Noortmann, M.: Non-state actors in international relations: do they matter? - S. 1-8. Reinalda, B.: Private in form, public in purpose: NGOs in international relations theory. - S. 11-40. Arts, B.: International policy arrangements of state and non-state actors. - S. 41-58. Noortmann, M.: Non-state actors in international law. - S. 59-76. Weenink, A.: The relevance of being important or the importance of being relevant? State and non-state actors in international relations theory. - S. 79-92. Vollaard, H.: The de-territorialisation of political authority by the European Union. - S. 93-108. Esch, F.: Defining national preferences: the influence of international non-state actors. - S. 109-125. Verbeek, B.; Quarles van Ufford,, P.: Non-state actors in foreign policy making: a policy subsystem approach. - S. 127-144. Reinalda, B.; Verbeek, B.: Theorising power relations between NGOs, inter-governmental organisations and states. - S. 145-158. Roozendaal, G.: The influence of trade unions on the social clause controversy in the International Labour Organisation and its working party. - S. 161-176. Hogenboom, B.: Co-operation and discord: NGOs and the NAFTA. - S. 177-193. Arts, B.: The impact of environmental NGOs on international conventions. - S. 195-210. Kolk, A.: Multinational enterprises and international climate policy. - S. 211-225. Chabot, S.: Building transnational advocacy networks before 1965: diffusion from the Indian nationalist movement to the American civil rights movement. - S. 229-245. Biekart, K.: The impact of private aid agencies on civil society development. - S. 247-262. Bakker, E.: Early warning by NGOs in conflict areas. - S. 263-277. Weenink, A.: The Russian mafiya: a private actor in international relations? - S. 279-296. Noortmann, M.; Arts, B.; Reinalda, B.: The quest for unity in empirical and conceptual complexity. - S. 299-307