Suchergebnisse

Census reports are the primary source of information on
population chara¬cteristics. Fundamental among these characteristics are
population size and growth, but census reports are often used to
evaluate other features of a popu¬lation such as reliability of age
reporting, extent of literacy, adequacy of occupational reporting, and
level and pattern of unemployment. In this paper, we take a preliminary
look at the 1972 Census of Pakistan in order to deter¬mine its overall
suitability as a source of information on population of the country. The
quality of census data depends not only on the technical capacity of the
statistical arm of the government, but on the characteristics of the
society as well. For example, even the advanced statistical and survey
technology available in the United States is inadequate to deal with the
more volatile nature of society. Near completeness of coverage is
achieved only in a few countries such as Holland, Denmark and
Switzerland, with high degrees of social cohesion1 and where population
censuses are kept in close administrative check.

International education has become an essential component of Chinese universities, and its importance is growing as a result of government funding. Academic exchange and collaboration with international universities are becoming more relevant in Chinese universities. This research aimed to develop a holistic understanding of international students' perceptions of socioeconomic, cultural, and intellectual issues in China. The study was qualitative, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Five international students were recruited from different schools of the normal university, and all were from different countries. The overall cultural difference did not affect their life in china. The learning environment in a normal university was good—Chinese Language, a big problem everyone suffered. Availability of English language instructions in the university offices, canteens, etc. found very low. Course instructions need to improve. English taught programs should have full access to English Teaching Learning. Chinese and International student's classes should be together for better interaction and language learning.

The concepts, students gained at school level assist in considering advance form of these conceptions at higher education level. Pakistan being a developing country suffering from low quality at school levels. There are many factors responsible for this condition. Teachers' proficiency, basic facilities and curriculum are the basic elements of quality education. In Pakistan all these elements are criticized on different forums. Though Pakistan Government is struggling to get rid of these problems to ensure quality in educational system. To meet this objective, and to exploit internal and external resources?different initiatives are taken by government of Pakistan. Currently, Quality education is dire demand of the day. Advancement is contingent to educational quality. Only means of the existence in globalization is quality education. Yet quality cannot be shown to someone as concrete object. It can only be achieved by providing proper facilities, well trained teachers and comprehensive learning materials. In the dearth of one of these facilities, quality education is not possible. That is why, Pakistan Government is ensuring for the provision of quality standards. For this purpose government is consuming not only all internal (local) and external (international) means and human resources also. But some problems slow down this development process and these are hurdles in this way. To remove these barriers Government of Pakistan has fixed some priorities i.e. enhancement of budget to facilitate the schools, revision of curriculum, teachers professional development and allocation of more funds for the development of needy students. In spite of these efforts many more are to be required yet. Some considerable steps are:- (i) Professional elaboration of organizers, principals and other staff members(ii) Formation of Evaluation Committee through associating incentives and grants(iii) District wise planning and application of plans(iv) increase in salaries on teachers(v) provision of science and computer labs.

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic is triggering a public health emergency and crisis on a large scale, with far-reaching effects and severe damage to all aspects of politics, economy, cultural and social life, and health. Consecutive outbreaks over the past nearly 2 years of "living with COVID-19" have forced most schools to physically close, resulting in the largest educational disruption in human history. In turbulent times of the COVID-19 crisis, school leaders are facing numerous major challenges germane to school governance and leadership. The key objective of the study is to fully explore the prospective challenges principals are encountering in public schools in times of COVID-19. To fulfill the research purpose, a systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out to investigate the leadership challenges. As a result, a total of 24 challenges were explored through SLR approach. Frequency analysis approach was initially applied to figure out the most significant challenges. Accordingly, seven challenges were found statistically significant as showing frequency ≥ 50 each. Irrevocably, the study works as a contribution to K-12 school leadership by providing guidance for current and future leaders in crisis based on practical investigation, experiences, and recommendations. Policy makers can leverage these findings to make necessary adjustments to school policy to better prepare school leaders for crisis. Additionally, the findings of the current study are believed to have profound implications for future research. These findings expand our current understanding on school leadership in time of crisis that needs further investigation. Subsequent studies can quantitatively and/or qualitatively validate these leadership challenges findings regarding a particular school context.