Suchergebnisse

Objectives:To propose collective well-being as a holistic measure of the overall "health" of a community. To define collective well-being as a group-level construct measured across 5 domains (vitality, opportunity, connectedness, contribution, and inspiration) and introduce an actionable model that demonstrates how community characteristics affect collective well-being. To review the literature describing each domain's association with health outcomes and community characteristics' associations with collective well-being.Methods:We came to consensus on topics describing each component of our conceptual model. Because "well-being" is not indexed in MEDLINE, we performed topic-specific database searches and examined bibliographies of papers retrieved. We excluded articles that were limited to narrow subtopics or studies within small subpopulations. Preference was given to quasi-experimental or randomized studies, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses. Consensus was reached on inclusion or exclusion of all articles.Results:Reviewed literature supported each of the proposed domains as important aspects of collective well-being and as determinants of individual or community health. Evidence suggests a broad range of community characteristics support collective well-being.Conclusions:The health and quality of life of a community may be improved by focusing efforts on community characteristics that support key aspects of well-being. Future work should develop a unified measure of collective well-being to evaluate the relative impact of specific efforts on the collective well-being of communities.

Literacy development is a complex process. It is well established that the Home Literacy Environment influences literacy development. To better understand the influence of the Neighborhood Literacy Environment, we examined the distribution of public library branches across neighborhoods in an American midwestern city and associations between book circulation rates and childhood poverty rates. This study used children's book circulation data provided by the Hamilton County Public Library in the state of Ohio (U.S.). The primary outcome variable was the branch-specific, five-year mean circulation rate of books-per-child living within the branch neighborhood. The predictor variable was the childhood poverty rate of the neighborhood. There was a significant, moderate negative correlation between book circulation and childhood poverty rates (Spearman's r= -0.52, p<0.001). Using data from a public library system in a large midwestern American city, this study found significant disparities in branch access and children's book circulation in high-poverty neighborhoods.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of previous maternal migration experiences on left-behind children's (LBC) mental health status and suicidal ideation, and the possible mediating role of parent-child communication. A cross-sectional study among rural children was conducted in Anhui, China, in 2018. LBC who self-reported that (a) their fathers were migrants and (b) they were living with their mothers at the time of the survey were included in this study. The participants were then divided into two subgroups by previous maternal migration experience. Previous maternal migration was associated with worse mental health and a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation among LBC compared with their peers. Healthy communication between children and parents fully mediates the adverse effects caused by previous maternal migration experiences on mental health among LBC, and communication with mother partially mediates the association with suicidal ideation. Communication classes for returning parents offered jointly by governments and schools could be an effective way to mitigate the impacts of maternal migration on child mental health and should be studied.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of previous maternal migration experiences on left-behind children's (LBC) mental health status and suicidal ideation, and the possible mediating role of parent-child communication. A cross-sectional study among rural children was conducted in Anhui, China, in 2018. LBC who self-reported that (a) their fathers were migrants and (b) they were living with their mothers at the time of the survey were included in this study. The participants were then divided into two subgroups by previous maternal migration experience. Previous maternal migration was associated with worse mental health and a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation among LBC compared with their peers. Healthy communication between children and parents fully mediates the adverse effects caused by previous maternal migration experiences on mental health among LBC, and communication with mother partially mediates the association with suicidal ideation. Communication classes for returning parents offered jointly by governments and schools could be an effective way to mitigate the impacts of maternal migration on child mental health and should be studied.

INTRODUCTION: The USA has the highest rate of community gun violence of any developed democracy. There is an urgent need to develop feasible, scalable and community-led interventions that mitigate incident gun violence and its associated health impacts. Our community-academic research team received National Institutes of Health funding to design a community-led intervention that mitigates the health impacts of living in communities with high rates of gun violence. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We adapted 'Building Resilience to Disasters', a conceptual framework for natural disaster preparedness, to guide actions of multiple sectors and the broader community to respond to the man-made disaster of gun violence. Using this framework, we will identify existing community assets to be building blocks of future community-led interventions. To identify existing community assets, we will conduct social network and spatial analyses of the gun violence episodes in our community and use these analyses to identify people and neighbourhood blocks that have been successful in avoiding gun violence. We will conduct qualitative interviews among a sample of individuals in the network that have avoided violence (n=45) and those living or working on blocks that have not been a location of victimisation (n=45) to identify existing assets. Lastly, we will use community-based system dynamics modelling processes to create a computer simulation of the community-level contributors and mitigators of the effects of gun violence that incorporates local population-based based data for calibration. We will engage a multistakeholder group and use themes from the qualitative interviews and the computer simulation to identify feasible community-led interventions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Human Investigation Committee at Yale University School of Medicine (#2000022360) granted study approval. We will disseminate study findings through peer-reviewed publications and academic and community presentations. The qualitative interview guides, system ...