Suchergebnisse

Survey method was used to test the assertion that increases in women's sports programs since Title IX led to cutbacks in men's sports programs. A subsample of 637 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)-affiliated schools reported the numbers of men's and women's sports programs on their campuses that were added or eliminated between 1978 and 1996. All five NCAA divisions were represented. Data analyses revealed that whereas women netted a total gain of 1,658 sports programs during those years, men netted on overall gain of 74 across all NCAA divisions in the time frame. Men's sports programs did show a net decrease of 152 programs, but only in Division I-A and I-AA schools. The results suggest that increases in women's sports programs between 1978 and 1996 were not accompanied by downsizing of men's programs except for Division I-A and I-AA schools with the largest athletic budgets.

Since 2006, when the Montenegrin Parliament declared independence, Montenegro had experienced impressive economic growth averaging an annual rate of 8% (until early 2009 when the effects of the global economic crisis began to have an impact) and an upward trend in human development indicators. Nonetheless, these economic trends have been accompanied by a rise in gender inequality in many institutional sectors. This study is the first to investigate that status of women in Montenegrin sport. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine gender differences in sport participation rates as well as women's experiences with both facilitators and barriers to sport involvement. The facilitators to sport participation were family support and a "love for the game." Participants in the focus groups discussed barriers including: lack of family support; gender division of labor; school–sport balance; and lack of resources. Evidence-based strategies to increase and improve women's sport participation in Montenegro are discussed.

This study used both qualitative and quantitative analyses to discern whether the narratives, metaphors, framing devices, and production practices in televised international athletic events differed by the race, ethnicity, or nationality of athletes. About 340 hours of videotapes of 7 televised international athletic events were used to study key aspects of production: (a) commentator descriptions of 161 athletes in 31 competitions, (b) 30 personal interviews drawn from 3 of the events under study, and (c) 5 opening and closing segments that commonly unify themes and metaphors and that produce the look of an event. Six major findings include the following: (a) efforts were made to provide fair treatment of athletes, (b) the treatment of race and ethnicity varied across productions, (c) little evidence of negative representations of Black athletes, (d) representations of Asian athletes drew on cultural stereotypes, (e) representations of Latino-Hispanic athletes were mixed, and (f) nationalistic bias was evident.

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among US adolescents aged 15-24, with males incurring higher rates of completion than females. This study used hierarchical logistic regression analysis to test whether athletic participation was associated with lower rates of suicidal ideation and behavior among a nationally representative sample of over 16,000 US public and private high school students. Net of the effects of age, race/ethnicity, parental educational attainment, and urbanicity, high school athletic participation was significantly associated with reduced odds of considering suicide among both females and males, and reduced odds of planning a suicide attempt among females only. Though the results point to favorable health outcomes for athletes, athletic participation was also associated with higher rates of injury to male athletes who actually attempted suicide.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction / Cooky, Cheryl / Messner, Michael A. -- Part I. Sport, Gender, and Sexuality -- 1. Gender Ideologies, Youth Sports, and the Production of Soft Essentialism / Messner, Michael A. -- 2. Policing the Boundaries of Sex A Critical Examination of Gender Verification and the Caster Semenya Controversy / Cooky, Cheryl / Dworkin, Shari L. -- 3. Gender Relations and Sport Local, National, Transnational / Messner, Michael A. -- 4. Women, Sports, and Activism / Cooky, Cheryl -- Part II. Sport as Gendered Practice -- 5. Barbie Girls versus Sea Monsters. Children Constructing Gender / Messner, Michael A. -- 6. "Girls Just Aren't Interested" The Social Construction of Interest in Girls' Sport / Cooky, Cheryl -- 7. Ready for Anything the World Gives Her? A Critical Look at Sports- Based Positive Youth Development for Girls / Rauscher, Lauren / Cooky, Cheryl -- 8. Separating the Men from the Moms. The Making of Adult Gender Segregation in Youth Sports / Messner, Michael A. / Bozada-Deas, Suzel -- 9. Gender and Sport Participation in Montenegro / Cooky, Cheryl / Begovic, Marko / Sabo, Don / Oglesby, Carole A. / Snyder, Marj -- Part III. The Gender of Sports Media -- 10. "It's Dude Time!" A Quarter Century of Excluding Women's Sports in Televised News and Highlight Shows / Cooky, Cheryl / Messner, Michael A. / Musto, Michela -- 11 Reflections on Communication and Sport. On Men and Masculinities / Messner, Michael A. -- 12. It's Not about the Game Don Imus, Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality in Contemporary Media / Cooky, Cheryl / Wachs, Faye L. / Messner, Michael A. / Dworkin, Shari L. -- 13. "What Makes a Woman a Woman?" versus "Our First Lady of Sport" A Comparative Analysis of the United States and the South African Media Coverage of Caster Semenya / Cooky, Cheryl / Dycus, Ranissa / Dworkin, Shari L. -- About the Authors -- About the Contributors -- Index