Suchergebnisse

'one of the best contemporary statements of what is occurring in the growth of urban places in the Third World' Environment and Planning 'a book that should enjoy a wide appeal: as a plea for adoption of the 'popular approach'; as a text for student use; and as an accessible and stimulating guide to the urban problems of developing countries' Progress in Human Geography 'a very readable book, containing a lot of well documented information The book is especially relevant for interested lay people but many professionals will benefit from having a copy on the bookshelf' Third World Planning Revi

The term "inclusive cities" is increasingly being used as a "catch-all" phrase to signify intent but with little precision in its use. In this note we use "inclusive cities" to mean cities in which we see a commitment to an inclusive politics with the establishment of institutionalized interactions between organized groups of disadvantaged citizens and the state with local government taking a primary role. They are also cities in which governments have undertaken specific measures to secure improved access for low-income and otherwise disadvantaged groups to a range of essential goods and services including secure tenure for housing, inclusion in access to basic services and where required approval of and support for housing improvements. This note begins by considering who is excluded and from what and how. Seven challenges to the achievement of more inclusive cities are discussed: (i) lack of household income and the continuing prevalence of informal incomes; (ii) a lack of state investment capacity; (iii) a lack of political will; (iv) a lack of the basic data needed for identifying and addressing exclusion; (v) a lack of space for participation, especially by the lowest income groups; (vi) a lack of vision for what an inclusive city means within city government; and (vii) the constraints on inclusion from city governments organized sectorally. The note then discusses the metrics and indicators that can help inclusion and that have relevance for the post-2015 sustainable development agenda. These are challenges that governments and communities must tackle through their collective efforts. In terms of collaboration between groups, three particular challenges must be addressed:(i) to avoid being partial in their efforts and so to reach out to all groups in the city through finding forms of engagement that incentivize a breadth of activities drawing in all of those in need; (ii) to set up processes that outlive specific administrations or interests and that provide for continuity in collaboration between civil society and the state in each city; and (iii) to link across cities and city regions. We see a need to think about collaboration and joint efforts between city administration and surrounding municipalities, as well as a need to link experiences and efforts across cities. This should help in ensuring appropriate central government policies, regulatory frameworks, and the redistribution of resources.

Zum Ausmaß des Problems: die Zahl der Stadtbewohner in der Dritten Welt übersteigt die Gesamtbevölkerung Europas, Nordamerikas und Japans. Umweltprobleme werden eingeengt auf Gesundheitsgefahren für die Masse der Armen durch pathogene und toxische Stoffe behandelt und Hauptrisiken in den Behausungen, dem Wohnumfeld, der Stadt, in Stadtnähe und ferneren ländlichen Gebieten aufgezeigt. Stadt und Land sind über Ressourcenverbrauch, Schadstoffabgabe, die ökologischen und wirtschaftlichen Folgen verbunden; daher ist getrennte Betrachtung meist sachwidrig. Gesundheitsschäden sind weniger Folge des Ressourcenverbrauchs als des Versagens nationaler und lokaler Regierungen, Industrieemissionen zu kontrollieren und ein Minimum an Einrichtungen und Dienstleistungen bereitzustellen. Auch ausländische Hilfsorganisationen engagieren sich wenig auf kommunaler bzw. städtischer Ebene. Praktische Maßnahmen zur langfristigen Verbesserung der Local Governments werden vorgeschlagen, mit Verwendung weniger Ausländern dafür mit örtlichen Bürgerinitiativen und einheimischen NGOs. Für die weltweite Umweltpolitik gilt: der Norden wird den Süden zur Zusammenarbeit für die langfristige Bewältigung globaler Umweltprobleme nur gewinnen, wenn er mit umfassenden entwicklungs- und wirtschaftspolitischen Maßnahmen hilft, vor allem zunächst den Armen aus tagtäglichen Gesundheitsgefahren. (APAF-Glz)

Ante las proyecciones de la población urbana para el año 2000 elaboradas por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), así como su pronóstico acerca del crecimiento de las ciudades del Tercer Mundo, este artículo cuestiona la validez de los datos utilizados para pronosticar el cambio urbano en el Tercer Mundo. Posteriormente se analiza la posibilidad de hacer generalizaciones válidas sobre el cambio urbano en el Tercer Mundo, en vista de la diversidad de estructuras económicas, tasas de crecimiento poblacional, niveles de ingreso per cápita y cantidad de población. Para ello se incluye un análisis por separado para América Latina, Asia y África sobre algunos de los factores que influyen sobre los cambios urbanos entre 1960 y principios de 1980. Con base en esa reseña se evalúa la validez de las proyecciones de las Naciones Unidas para los futuros niveles de urbanización por países o para las futuras poblaciones de ciertas ciudades del Tercer Mundo.

This volume brings together, for the first time, a wide-ranging and detailed body of information identifying and assessing risk, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in urban centres in low- and middle-income countries. Framed by an overview of the main possibilities and constraints for adaptation, the contributors examine the implications of climate change for cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and propose innovative agendas for adaptation. The book should be of interest to policy makers, practitioners and academics who face the challenge of addressing climate change vulnerab

'A valuable contribution to our collective knowledge about governance, poverty and the environment' Frances Seymour, World Resources Institute 'Detailed and realistic documentation of contemporary development and governance relationships and trends' Melissa Leach, Institute of Development Studies There are growing signs that development work by governments, aid agencies and non-government organisations ignores the fact that environmental quality matters to the poor. There are also indications that some environmental work is pushing 'people-out' protection methodologies. Yet recently, an extensive range of project, programme and policy level activities has focused attention on the important links between poverty and the environment, and the benefit of entrenching these links in policy-making processes at all levels. The role that politics plays in all of this is of overriding importance. This volume is the first to address the role of politics in environmental issues that matter to the poor through a series of case studies. It describes experiences at regional, national and local levels in low and middle income countries including China, Tanzania, Nigeria, South Africa, Pakistan, Colombia, Peru, India, Saint Lucia and countries in East Africa. Ultimately the book demonstrates how understanding the national and local political context is crucial for addressing poverty-environment issues such as environmental health, access to natural resources for livelihoods and security, and coping with environmental disasters. The editors advocate ways in which political processes can be used to make positive changes - from the perspectives of both poverty reduction and the environment.