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While it might have been viable for states to isolate themselves from international politics in the nineteenth century, the intensity of economic and social globalisation in the twenty-first century has made this impossible. The contemporary world is an international world - a world of collective security systems and collective trade agreements. What does this mean for the sovereign state and 'its' international legal order? Two alternative approaches to the problem of 'governance' in the era of globalisation have developed in the twentieth century: universal internationalism and regional supranationalism. The first approaches collective action problems from the perspective of the 'sovereign equality' of all States. A second approach to transnational 'governance' has tried to re-build majoritarian governmental structures at the regional scale. This collection of essays wishes to analyse - and contrast - the two types of normative and decisional answers that have emerged as responses to the 'international' problems within our globalised world

This fully updated text is a collection of the essential primary and secondary law of the European Union that quickly and effectively guides students to the material they need during exams and lectures. Part I contains the European Union's primary law in consolidated form. Part II offers a selection of the essential pieces of European Union legislation in five core areas of particular importance to undergraduate and graduate studies, namely: the EU institutions, the internal market, competition law, social policy and consumer protection. Lisbon numbering is used throughout, and colour-coded content will facilitate easy navigation. An annex contains all relevant UK statutes - from the 1972 European Communities Act to the 2017 European Union (Withdrawal) Bill. This update takes Brexit into account, with a new section providing an overview of the Brexit relevant British statutes.

What are the different market philosophies or models that shape the European Union's internal market? This work proposes three models: an international model, a federal model and a national model; and argues that the structure of the EU internal market has moved from an international to federal model

AbstractClassic constitutional thought considered the power to conclude international treaties to fall within the executive's exclusive domain. But this nineteenth‐century logic hardly convinces in the twenty‐first century. For the function of international treaties has dramatically shifted from the military to the regulatory domain; and in the wake of this 'new internationalism', the traditional divide between 'internal' and 'external' affairs has increasingly disappeared. Has this enlarged scope of the treaty power also triggered a transformation of its nature; and in particular: has the rise of 'legislative' international treaties been compensated by a greater role accorded to parliaments? This article explores this question comparatively by looking at the constitutional law of the United States and the European Union. Within the United States, international treaties were traditionally concluded under a procedure that excluded the House of Representatives; yet with the rise of the Congressional‐Executive‐Agreement in the twentieth century, this democratic deficit has been partially remedied. We find a similar evolution within the context of the European Union, where an increasing 'parliamentarisation' of the treaty power has taken place. Yet a democratic deficit here nevertheless also continues to exist.

Introduction : British federalism / Robert Schütze -- The failure of British and Irish federalism, circa 1800-1950 / Alvin Jackson -- Parliamentary sovereignty, federalism and the commonwealth / Peter C Oliver -- Shared rule : what the UK could learn from federalism / Adam Tomkins -- Drifting towards federalism : appraising the constitution in light of the Scotland Act 2016 and Wales Act 2017 / Stephen Tierney -- Devolution and secession in comparative perspective : the case of Spain and Italy / Barbara Guastaferro and Lucía Payero -- The UK's reluctant relationship with the EU : integration, equivocation or disintegration? / Jo Eric Khushal Murkens -- Britain and the European Union : federalism and differentiation / Sionaidh Douglas-Scott -- Federal dynamics of the UK/Strasbourg relationship / Roger Masterman -- The UK's status in the WTO post-brexit / Roger Masterman -- A willing international federalist? : the UK's pivotal role within the United Nations / Nigel D White -- Conclusion : we have always been federal / David Armitage