Suchergebnisse

In the early 1990s, democratization in Niger meant a political reform detached from the military rule, but also safe from religious influence. The adoption of the principle of a radical secularism (laicite) sought, first, the autonomy of the political sphere from the religious one, and second, the submission of religious authority to the political one. The consecration of this principle led to the criticism of Muslim public actors who argued that such a principle was violating the religious identity of Niger's society. This paper discusses the difficulty to separate the realm of politics from that of religion as Islamic organizations and Muslim actors have stepped into the political arena, articulating various religion-inspired discourses and seeking the conversion of Niger's politics to Islam. Nowadays, this activism led to a rearrangement of the state's position in relation to religiosity and its role in the public domain. This case of ambiguous secularism, I suggest, might be one of a reinterpretation not only of secularism, but of democratization itself. Adapted from the source document.

Cette contribution traite de la révolution salafi en Afrique de l'Ouest. Inspirée par un mouvement qui a commencé il y a quelques décennies, elle est portée par des acteurs, des institutions et des pratiques dont l'objectif est de réformer l'islam. Attentif à l'importance du contexte, cet article attire l'attention sur la diversité des appropriations du salafisme et problématise les positions prises par ses promoteurs en relation avec l'État, et en particulier avec son système éducatif laïc. En mettant l'accent sur le rôle du prédicateur, il s'agit de montrer que le salafisme a eu un impact déterminant non seulement sur le champ religieux, mais aussi sur la sphère publique. De par sa critique sociale et politique, le salafisme s'est ainsi imposé comme un défi majeur pour les sociétés ouest-africaines dont il envisage de changer l'économie morale et politique, y compris à travers le djihadisme.

This paper discusses the ways in which a revolution inspired by Islam emerged in the few decades in West Africa, mainly through the intervention of Salafi actors, institutions, and reform practices. Salafism as an Islamic discourse became popular in the region at the end of the 20th century as Islam acquired a renewed interest and became a potent discourse, restructuring from within, formulating new political agendas and mobilising for social change and radical reconfigurations of social order. The paper calls for attention to context, noting the varieties of Salafism, while problematising the views promoters of this Islamic trend have expressed in relation to state institutions, in particular the secular school system. Emphasising the role of the Salafi preacher, the paper argues that Salafism has had a crucial impact not only on the religious, but also on the public spheres. A social and political critique, Salafism proves a major challenge while it promotes alternative moral and political orders including a Jihadi regime.

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