Democratic Memberships in International Organizations: Sources of Institutional Design
In: Review of International Organizations. DOI: 10.1007/s11558-015-9227-7
In: Review of International Organizations. DOI: 10.1007/s11558-015-9227-7
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In: Historical Institutionalism and International Relations, S. 165-196
In: The review of international organizations, Band 11, Heft 1, S. 59-87
ISSN: 1559-7431
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of European public policy, Band 23, Heft 7, S. 1077-1096
ISSN: 1466-4429
In: Journal of human rights, Band 15, Heft 4, S. 550-570
ISSN: 1475-4843
In: Internationale Organisationen, S. 375-400
In: The review of international organizations, Band 11, Heft 1, S. 59-87
ISSN: 1559-744X
In: 2012. Review of International Studies, Band 38 (4)
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Working paper
In: 2012. Swiss Political Science Review. Special Issue: The (Democratic) Legitimacy of Global Governance: New Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives, Band 18 (2)
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Working paper
In: Politischen Vierteljahresschrift, Special Issue 49 (2014), "Internationale Organisationen: Autonomie, Politisierung, interorganisationale Beziehungen und Wandel", Forthcoming
SSRN
In: International organization, Band 68, Heft 4, S. 741-774
ISSN: 1531-5088
AbstractPast decades have witnessed a shift in international cooperation toward growing involvement of transnational actors (TNAs), such as nongovernmental organizations, multinational corporations, and philanthropic foundations. This article offers a comprehensive theoretical and empirical account of TNA access to IOs. The analysis builds on a novel data set, covering formal TNA access to 298 organizational bodies from fifty IOs over the time period 1950 to 2010. We identify the most profound patterns in TNA access across time, issue areas, policy functions, and world regions, and statistically test competing explanations of the variation in TNA access. The central results are three-fold. First, the empirical data confirm the existence of a far-reaching institutional transformation of IOs over the past sixty years, pervading all issue areas, policy functions, and world regions. Second, variation in TNA access within and across IOs is mainly explained by a combination of three factors: functional demand for the resources of TNAs, domestic democratic standards in the membership of IOs, and state concerns with national sovereignty. Third, existing research suffers from a selection bias that has led it to overestimate the general importance of a new participatory norm in global governance for the openness of IOs.
Once the exclusive preserve of member states, international organizations have become increasingly open in recent decades. Now virtually all international organizations at some level involve NGOs, business actors and scientific experts in policy-making. This book offers the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of this development. Combining statistical analysis and in-depth case studies, it maps and explains the openness of international organizations across issue areas, policy functions and world regions from 1950 to 2010. Addressing the question of where, how and why international organizations offer transnational actors access to global policy-making, this book has implications for critical issues in world politics. When do states share authority with private actors? What drives the design of international organizations? How do activists and businesses influence global politics? Is civil society involvement a solution to democratic deficits in global governance?
In: Forthcoming in International Organization.
SSRN
In: Swiss political science review: SPSR = Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft : SZPW = Revue suisse de science politique : RSSP, Band 18, Heft 2, S. 175-198
ISSN: 1662-6370
Abstract: Greater access and inclusion of civil society is a possible means of increasing participation in international governing processes and thus enhancing the democratic legitimacy of global governance. Yet, opening the doors of an international organization to civil society is often controversial. At the core of such controversies are costs and benefits that may arise from the inclusion of civil society. The aim of this article is to explore the opening of international organizations' doors to civil society actors, emphasizing state's preferences. To explore state preferences on civil society's access, this article looks at the WTO dispute settlement process and amici submissions, and asks: what factors shape states' preferences to allow civil society actors access? Drawing from a unique dataset on state preferences on amici submissions to the WTO's dispute settlement process, I argue that state preferences are shaped by the capacity to manage costs of civil society access.
In: Review of international studies: RIS, Band 38, Heft 4, S. 707-733
ISSN: 1469-9044
AbstractAs argued in a recent article by Keohane, Macedo, and Moravcsik, 'democracy-enhancing multilateralism' highlights the potential ways in which international organisations can enhance domestic democracy. The thesis raises an important question about the conditions which shape the likelihood that multilateralism will have such democratising effects. This article responds to the question of conditionality, looking at one way in which democracy may be improved by multilateralism-through the expansion of rights protections. That is, under what conditions will domestic democratic processes garner an improved ability to protect rights as a result of a state's participation in multilateral institutions? Using most likely empirical cases – the European Union (EU) and the Council of Europe (COE) – this article argues that three conditions affect the likelihood that rights expansion will result from multilateral legal institutions. Together the compatibility between the international legal principle and pre-existing domestic law, legal mobilisation, and the precision and obligation of the international law have significant affect on the likelihood of rights expansion. The unique contribution here is a set of conditions that helps to understand when and where rights are likely to expand as a result of a state's participation in international organisations.