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Altern in Deutschland, Bd. 4, Produktivität in alternden Gesellschaften
In: Nova acta Leopoldina N.F., 366 = Bd. 102
Altern in Deutschland, Bd. 2, Altern, Bildung und lebenslanges Lernen
In: Nova acta Leopoldina N.F., 364 = Bd. 100
Altern in Deutschland, Bd. 3, Altern, Arbeit und Betrieb
In: Nova acta Leopoldina N.F., 365 = Bd. 101
Altern in Deutschland, Bd. 8, Altern: Familie, Zivilgesellschaft, Politik
In: Nova acta Leopoldina N.F., 370 = Bd. 106
Positive Adult Personality Development: Adjustment and/or Growth?
In: European psychologist: official organ of the European Federation of Psychologists' Associations (EFPA), Band 10, Heft 4
ISSN: 1016-9040
Positive Adult Personality Development: Adjustment and/or Growth?
In: European psychologist, Band 10, Heft 4, S. 320-329
ISSN: 1878-531X
Abstract. Does personality stay stable after young adulthood or is there continued change throughout middle and later adulthood? For decades, this question has caused heated debate. Over the last couple of years, a consensus has emerged based on recent cross-cultural as well as longitudinal evidence. This consensus confirms that indeed there is personality change in middle and later adulthood. Many authors have labeled this change personality maturation or growth. In somewhat simplified terms the observed pattern is as follows: neuroticism declines, conscientiousness and agreeableness increase. At the same time it has been argued that this pattern of personality change is the result of coping with the developmental tasks of adulthood and, thus, increased adjustment. We would like to examine this practice of equating developmental adjustment with growth and ask how to define personality growth. To answer this question, we consult theories of personality development as well as lifespan theory.
The study of life review: an approach to the investigation of intellectual development across the life span
In: Studien und Berichte 47
The Aging of Intelligence: Potential and Limits
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Band 503, Heft 1, S. 43-59
ISSN: 1552-3349
The aging of intelligence features a paradox including both growth and decline in performance, as well as latent potential and aging-related limits to further growth. Two resolutions to the paradox are offered. First, because of the dual-process nature of intelligence—fluid mechanics versus crystallized pragmatics—there is the possibility of differing life-span trajectories characterized by a decline in the mechanics and select growth in the pragmatics. Second, because of the facilitative and enriching effect of knowledge-based pragmatics, highly effective cognitive performances in old age are possible despite an aging-related loss in cognitive mechanics. A model of selective optimization with compensation is presented to elucidate various interventional strategies that allow for intellectual efficacy and growth despite increased biological vulnerability and decreased intellectual reserve capacity. A visionary social policy for old age needs to recognize this double-edged nature of the aging mind: limits and potential.